Term
| Who is responsible for the theory of growth and development pertaining to psycho-sexuality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Psycho-sexual Theory of development consist of? |
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Definition
1)Personality Components
2)libido: the sex drive,conscious or unconscious. Freud believed it to be the driving force of human behavior.
3)Stages of development |
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Term
| What is the medical term for human, "sex-drive?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three personality components of the Freud's psycho-sexual theory? |
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Definition
Id: present at birth,instinct or urge to seek pleasure and remove tension "instant-gratification"
Ego: conscious,rational thought used to consider the option or possibilities in a give situation.
Superego: It is the cautious part of the personality associated with ethics and morality and encompasses all internalized values and rules of behavior that are formed through interaction with parents and others. (a reasonable choice based on personal self character) |
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Term
| Name the stages of Freud's development theories? |
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Definition
Oral stage: 1 yr. (pleasure comes from oral)
Anal Stage: 3-6 yrs. when child's attention is focused on toilet training and the anal area. (gratification comes from control elimination.)
Phallic/oedipal stage: 3-6 yrs. (self awareness and exploration.)
Latency stage: 6-12 yrs. (sexual impulses)
Mature genital stage: 12-18 adolescent begging to explore own sexuality,experiments sexually with opposite sex. (marriage) |
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Term
| What is the definition of psycho-social development and who is responsible for fathering this theory? |
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Definition
| Psycho-social theory describes the human life cycle as a series of developmental stages spanning from birth to death. Each stage presents a psychosocial task or conflict that must be resolved before progressing o the next stage. If unsuccessful resolution of the task or conflict leaves the individual emotionally handicapped. |
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Term
| What are the names of Erickson's Psycho-social theories? |
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Definition
Erickson's psycho-social theories have 8 stages which consist of:
1)Infancy
2)Toddler
3)Pre-School
4)School age
5)Adolescence
6)Young adulthood
7)Middle adulthood
8)Late adulthood |
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Term
Trust vs. Mistrust
(Infancy or birth to 18 months of age)
"Feeding" |
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Definition
Erickson's 1st stage of development:
2) Trust vs Mistrust "feeding is the most important factor."
Positive:(Trusts self and others
Negative: (Demonstrates an inability to trust; withdrawal,isolation)
*children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability,care,and affection. A lack of this leads to mistrust. |
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Term
Autonomy vs. Shame
(1 year to 3 years)
"Toilet Training" |
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Definition
Erickson's 2nd stage of development:
positive outcome: Exercises self-control and influences the environment directly
Negative: Demonstrates defiance and negativism
Children need to devlop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. This success leads to feelings of autonomy,failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. |
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Term
Initiative vs. Guilt
(3 to 5 years)
"Exploration" |
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Definition
Erickson's 3rd stage of development:
Children need to begin asserting control and powerover the environment. Success in this stage leads to sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval,resulting in a sense of guilt.
Positive: begins to evaluate own behavior learns limits on influence in the environment.
Negative: Demonstrates fearful,pessimistic behaviors;lacks self-confidence |
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Term
Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 11 yrs)
"School-Age" |
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Definition
Erickson's 4th stage of development:
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence,while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
Positive - Develops a sense of confidence; uses creative energies to influence the environment
Negative - Demonstrates feelings of inadequacy,mediocrity,and self-doubt |
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Term
Identity vs. Role confusion (12-20 yrs)
"Social Relationships" |
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Definition
Erickson's 5th stage of development:
Teens need to devlop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself,while failure leads to tole confusion and weak sense of self.
Positive: Develops connections to work and intimate relationships
Negative: Demonstrates inability to develop personal and vocational identity. |
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Term
Intimacy vs Role Confusion (20-35)
"Relationships" |
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Definition
Erickson's 6th stage of development:
Young adults need to form intimate,loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships,while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Positive: Develops connections to work and intimate relationships
Negative: Demonstrates an avoidance of intimacy and vocational'career commitments |
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Term
Generaltivity vs. Stagnation (35-65 yrs)
"Work and Parenthood" |
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Definition
Erickson's 7th stage of development:
Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them,often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment,while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
Positive: Involved with established family; expands personal creativity and productivity
Negative: Demonstrates lack of interests,commitments; preoccupation with self-centered concerns |
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Term
Integrity vs. Despair (65 plus) good old Jolly 60's
"Reflection on life" |
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Definition
Erickson's 8th stage of development:
Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom,while failure results in regret,bitterness,and despair.
Positive: Identification of life as meaningful
Negative: Demonstrates fear of death; life lacks meaning |
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Term
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Definition
Growth is the evolutionary observation of studies that compares; height,weight,increase in vocabulary,physical skills,and other parameters.
"refers to an increase in physical size and is measured in inches and pounds." |
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Term
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Definition
maturation as it pertains to physical,mental,spiritual and emotional inner growth. This is the process of development or being developed by vast changes.
"refers to a progressive increase in the function of the body" |
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Term
| What are the two directional patterns? |
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Definition
| Cephalocaudal and proximodistal |
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Term
| What is the Cecphalocaudal? |
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Definition
| development proceeds from head to tow in which the infant is able to raise the head before being able to sit,and he or she gains control of the trunk before walking. (opposite of proximaldistal) |
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Term
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Definition
| "refers to the total way in which a person grows and develops,as dictated by inheritance" |
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Term
| Proximaldistal refers to what type of directional pattern? |
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Definition
| from mid-line to the periphery. Development proceeds form the center of the body to the periphery; infant is able to grasp with hands before pinching with fingers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Personality is a unique organization of characteristics that determine the individual's typical or recurrent pattern of behavior." Hence ("no two persons are ever alike not even doppelgangers or identical twins.") |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean by ordinal position? |
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Definition
| In reference in which the child was actually born or simply put, "birth order." |
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Term
| How do you measure growth? |
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Definition
| Inches (height) and pounds (weight) |
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Term
| How many pounds to remove car seat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pincer reflex? |
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Definition
| Also known as a Pincer Grasp in-concordance to motor development it is an infants ability to grasp a small object with index finger and thumb. It is usually developed within the 1st year from birth. |
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Term
| what are Piaget's developmental theories? |
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Definition
Sensorimotor (up to 2 years)
Preoperational (2 to 7 years)
Concrete Operations (7 to 11 years)
Formal Capabilities (11-16 years) |
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Term
| What is the influence, "society" has on growth and development? |
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Definition
Access to quality medical care (lack of immunizations or prenatal or pediatric care)
Good and poor educational opportunities poverty,choice of playmates,exposure to neighborhood gangs,or religious influences. |
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Term
| What are the effects of the environment towards the growth and development process? |
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Definition
(causes delay in G and D,possible premature baby or malnourished baby)
Exposure to unsafe environments and surroundings such as as exposure to drugs,smoke,or alcohol in the prenatal period can affect and even set limits on child's physical and mental development. |
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Term
| What role does heredity play in the factorization of influence towards growth and development? |
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Definition
| Characteristics derived from our ancestors are determined at the time of conception by countless genes within each chromosome possible inheritance are: eye color,hair color,and physical resemblances within the families. |
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Term
| What does cognitive refer to? |
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Definition
| Cognitive refers to, "intelligence" (a natural gift defers from knowledge and being smart it means intellectual ability and to know. |
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Term
| What are cognitive skills? |
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Definition
Cognitive Skills are basics mental abilitis we use to think,study and lear
Intellectual maturity through ones ability to perform mental task to think,study,learn. |
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Term
| According to Piaget's theory what are the 4 orderly distinct stages to intelligence growth and development? |
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Definition
Sensorimotor (up to 2 years)
Preoperational (2 to 7 years) the world.
Concrete Operations (7 to 11 years)
Formal Capabilities (11-16 years) |
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Term
| What did Piaget belihieve according to his theories of development? |
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Definition
| Piaget belied that intelligence consists of interaction and coping with the environment. |
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Term
| What age group has tripled birth weight and height by what age and group of development?(hint: triple = 3) |
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Definition
Toddler= 3 years old
Height=3ft.
Weight= 31-33lbs
*hint all specs start with 3* |
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Term
| What age group has the average gain of 3-5lbs and grows about 25-30 inches a year? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Development of cognitive development and behavior? |
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Term
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Definition
| Maslow depicted development based on hierarchy needs. (most important needs first from the bottom of list must be fulfilled before moving onto the next stage,from bottom to top) |
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Term
| Maslows 1st stage of development? |
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Definition
| physiological needs: air,water,food,elimination,rest |
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Term
| Maslows 2nd development theory? |
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Definition
| Activity: the need for stimulation,novelty,change |
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Term
| What number is, "Safety and Protection from harm in Maslows theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| the need for belonging pertains to to what development stage in Maslow's development theory? |
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Definition
the 4th important step to achieve ones full potential in needs. Which is Love and feeling of belonging.
"4th Love and feeling of belonging" |
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Term
| What is Maslow's 5th stage of development? |
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Definition
| Esteem: need to respect oneself and to be respected by others. |
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Term
| The last stage (#6 on the list) which is paramount to achieve success? |
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Definition
| Self-Actualization: Which is the state of becoming a complete person fulfilling ones greatest potential |
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Term
| What is the definition of psycho social development? |
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Definition
| refers to emotional development and the evolution of personality,which includes who people are inwardly and how they present who they are to others. |
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Term
| What are the stages of motor development? |
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Definition
4 to 6 weeks - stops crying when held
2 months - Lifts and turns head
3 months Tries to grasp objects
4 months Sits with support
5 months Recognizes people; holds own bottle; splashes in water
6 months Rolls over; sits alone
9 months Crawls; knows own name
10 months some walk with help
12 months most walk alone |
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Term
| What are various types of infant reflexes ? |
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Definition
| Yawning,blinking,grasping,sucking,swallowing,and Moro reflex (startle reflex) |
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Term
| What is gross motor skills? |
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Definition
| involves large muscle groups that work together balanced for running and throwing. |
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Term
| What is Fine motor skills? |
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Definition
| In muscle groups working together large pictures and later holds a pencil in their fingers to make smaller letters. |
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Term
| Types of fine motor skills? |
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Definition
0-3 MONTHS
hands most often remain closed
has grasp reflex (grasps objects involuntarily if placed in palm)
2-4 MONTHS
reaches for ("swipes at") objects inaccurately
3-3 1/2 MONTHS
clasps hands together often
3 1/2- 4 MONTHS
begins purposeful, visually directed reaching
3-7 MONTHS
can hold small objects in hand
4-8 MONTHS
can transfer objects from one hand to the other
can pick up cube/medium sized object easily
4-10 MONTHS
develops accurate forward and side reach
5-9 MONTHS
"rakes" or "scoops" small objects to pick them up (i.e. using fingers/palm/whole hand to scoop up Cheerios, raisins etc.
7-9 MONTHS
intentionally able to drop/release objects (get ready for the "watch-me-drop-this-watch-mommy/daddy-pick-it-up-AGAIN" game!)
7-12 MONTHS
able to pick up small objects using thumb and finger/fingers
10 MONTHS
pokes and/or points with index finger
12-18 MONTHS
holds crayon with whole hand, thumb up
2 YEARS
holds crayon with thumb and all fingers, forearm turned so thumb is pointing down
puts on shoes, socks, and shorts; takes off shoes and socks
can use a spoon by himself, keeping it upright
can draw and copy a vertical line
2 1/2- 3 YEARS
strings large beads
snips paper with scissors
rolls clay/playdoh into "snake"
can draw and copy a horizontal line
3-3 1/2 YEARS
able to complete simple puzzles
can build a tower of nine small blocks or more
can get himself dressed/undressed independently; only needs help with buttons; still confuses front/back for clothes, and right/left for shoes
can feed himself with little or no spilling, drinks from a cup/glass with one hand
3 1/2- 4 YEARS
can pour his own drink from a pitcher if not too heavy
can place small pegs into small holes
able to string small beads
can hold a pencil with a "tripod grasp" (3 fingers), but moves forearm and wrist to write/draw/color
4-4 1/2 YEARS
can use scissors to follow and cut both straight and curved lines
can manage buttons, zippers, and snaps completely
can draw and copy a cross (one vertical and one horizontal intersecting lines)
4 1/2- 5 YEARS
can hold fork using his fingers
can feed himself soup with little or no spilling
folds paper in half, making sure the edges meet
puts a key in a lock and opens it
5 YEARS
can get dressed completely by himself, and usually tie shoelaces
cuts square, triangle, circle, and simple pictures with scissors
uses a knife to spread food items (jelly, peanut butter, mayo etc.), uses a dull knife to cut soft foods
able to draw and copy a diagonal line
uses a "tripod grasp" on writing utensils (thumb & tips of 1st two fingers) and uses fingers only (because small muscles of hand have developed) to write/draw/color
5 1/2- 6 YEARS
can build a five block "bridge"
sufficient bilateral hand coordination to cut out complex pictures, accurately following the outline
able to copy a sequence of letters or numbers correctly
6 YEARS
able to complete complex puzzles |
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Term
| list examples of Gross Motor Skills? |
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Definition
1. Run
2. Walk a straight line
3. Jump
4. Hop
5. Alternate feet walking down stairs
6. March
7. Stand on one foor for 5-10 seconds
8. Walk backwards for five feet
9. Throw a ball
10. Slide |
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Term
| Various types of common fine motor skills? |
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Definition
1. Paste objects
2. Match simple objects
3. Button a shirt
4. Build with blocks
5. Zip a zipper
6. Control pencil and crayon well
7. Cut simple shapes
8. Handle scissors well
9. Complete simple puzzles (5 pieces or less)
10. Copy simple shapes |
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Term
| What is language development? |
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Definition
| developing the ability to use spoken or written words,to communicate with others.This involves not only expressing oneself,but also permits a person to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others. |
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Term
| What is moral development? |
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Definition
| Gradual learning that distinguishes behaviors as being the process of "right or "wrong",acceptable or not acceptable. (consciousness) derive from the theory of EGO VS SUPER EGO |
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Term
| What are the developmental stages (whole list?) |
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Definition
Neonatal Stage: birth to 1 mo.
Infancy: between 1 month and 1 year of age
Toddlerhood: between 1 and 3 years of age
Preschool stage: between 3 and 6 years of age
Adolescence: between 12 and 20 years of age
Young Adult: between 40 years of age
Middle age adult: between 40 and 65 years
old age: 65 or older |
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Term
| What is a 5 point harness center? |
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Definition
A 5 point harness is a type of seat belt that is used in replacement of the booster seat rather than using adult seatbelt,when used properly provides more safety. It is a seat belt that has 5 points: the list of damages prevented
* The crash forces are spread over the skeletal body
over five points rather than three.
* The crash forces are spread to the strongest parts
of the child's body.
* Forward head excursion (the distance the head is
thrown forward) are lessened.
* The child is secured in the correct seating position rather
than being able to wiggle around, lean forward etc. |
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Term
| What is Sensorimotor activity? |
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Definition
Sensorimotor (up to 2 years)
-adaption to their world through inborn reflexes,like sucking and grasping,rather than by "thinking." Using sense of taste touch and sight,and sound to become acquainted with the world. |
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Term
| Describe preoperational thought? |
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Definition
| (2-7 years) The child sees the world in egocentric terms of "me" and only understands what is seen. |
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Term
| what is Concrete operations? |
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Definition
3rd stage of Piaget's Development:
increasingly logical and coherent in thinking; solves problems in concrete manner. |
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Term
| What is Formal operations of a 12-15 year old? |
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Definition
| Last stage of Piaget's theory that deals with abstractions and abstract symbols. The child is adaptable and flexible can problem solve,devlop hypothese,test them,and arrive at conclusions. Often questioning and examining moral,ethical,religious,and social issues as beginning definitions of self as an adult. |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on moral judgement about what is right and wrong. |
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Term
| What are Kohlbergs theories? |
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Definition
Preconventional (4-10 years)
Conformity imposed from authority figure game board rules set by adults.
Conventional (10-13 years)
Right and wrong based on expectations of family or society influence and environment.
Postconventional (13 and older)
development of personal morale ethics and values. |
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