Origin: Frontal and maxillary bones; ligaments around orbit

Insertion: tissue of eyelid 

Action: closes eye (blinking, squinting, and winking muscle)

Origin:  zygomatic bone

Insertion: skin & muscle at angle of mouth

Action: Raises corners of mouth upward (smiling muscle)

Antagonists: orbicularis oris

Origin: Masseter muscle

Insertion: skin at angle of mouth

Action: draws corner of lip laterally (tenses lip)

Antagonists: orbicularis oris

Origin: Maxilla and Mandible

Insertion: skin and muscle of mouth

Action: closes and protrudes lips (kissing muscle)

Antagonists: Risorius & zygomaticus

Origin: Maxilla and mandible

Insertion: orbicularis oris

Action: compresses cheeks (whistling and sucking); holds food between teeth while chewing

Antagonists: orbicularis oris

Origin: fascia of chest in area of 2nd rib

Insertion: Mandible; skin and muscle at angle of mouth

Action: Pulls lower lip back and down; tenses skin of neck during shaving

Antagonists: Risorius & zygomaticus

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: mandible

Action: Prime Mover of Jaw closure (elevates mandible)

Antagonists: all suprahyoid muscles)

Origin: Temporal bone

Insertion: Mandible

Action: Closes jaw

Antagonists: all suprahyoid muscles

Origin: Manubrium of sternum and clavicle

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

Action: bilaterally- flexes head forward; unilaterally- rotates chin toward shoulder on opposite side

Antagonists: Trapezius

Origin: inferior border of rub above

Insertion: superior border of rib below

Action: elevates rib cage (forced insiration); synergists of diaphragm

Antagonists:internal intercostals

Origin: superior border of rib below

Insertion: inferior border of rib above

Action: depress rib cage (forced expiration)

Antagonists: external intercostals

Origin: Xiphoid Process, 7th-12th ribs and lumbar vertebrae 

Insertion: Central tendo 

Action: Prime mover of inspiration (flattens on contraction)

Origin: Pubic Crest 

Insertion: Xiphoid Process, 5th-7th ribs

Action: flexes & rotates lumbar region of vertebral column; compresses abdomen

Origin: 5th-12th ribs 

Insertion: linea alba & iliac crest

Action: bilaterally- flexes & rotates lumbar region; compresses abdomen; unilaterally- trunk rotation and lateral flexion  

Origin: Lumbar Fascia & iliac crest 

Insertion: linea alba & 10th-12th ribs

Action: Same as External Oblique

Origin: 7th-12th ribs, lumbar fascia & iliac crest 

Insertion: linea alba & pubic crest

Action: Compresses abdomen Only

Origin: 3rd-5th (or 2nd-4th) ribs 

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Action: With ribs foxed: pulls scapula forward and inferiorly

With Scapula fixed: elevates rib cage

Origin: 1st-9th ribs

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Rotates scapula so that its inferior angle moves laterally and upward; important in horizontal movements of arm (pushing and punching)

Antagonists: Trapezius & latissimus dorsi

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, & aponeurosis of external obliques

Insertion: humerus 

Action:prime mover of arm flexion; adducts and medially rotates arm

Antagonists: deltoid

Origin: Occipital bonel spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: acromion & spine of scapula; clavicle 

Action: Extends head; adducts scapula

Antagonists: serratus anterior

Origin: Spines of C7 & thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Action: adducts scapula

Antagonists: deltoid and serratus anterior

Origin: Spines of thoracic & lumbar vertebrae; iliac crest

Insertion: humerus

Action: Prime mover of arm extension (brings arm down in power stroke); adducts arm

Antagonists: deltoid & serratus anterior

Origin: scapula

Insertion: humerus

Action: extends, medially rotates & adducts humerus [synergist of latissimus dorsi]

Antagonists: deltoid

Origin: Clavicle; acromion, spine & lateral border of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus 

Action: Prime mover of arm abduction

Antagonists: latissimus dorsi, Teres major/minor; pectoralis major

Origin: Coracoid process and humerus

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action: Prime mover of forearm flexion

Antagonists: triceps brachii

Origin:  humerus

Insertion: ulna

Action: Flexes forearm (lifts ulna as biceps lifts radius)

Antagonists: Triceps brachii

Origin: humerus

Insertion: styloid process of radius 

Action: synergist in forearm extension

Antagonists: brachialis, biceps brachii and brachioradialis

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial aspect of tibia

Action: extends thigh at hip; flexes knee

Antagonists: Quadricepts **

[*Quadricepts: Rectus Femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis & vastus intermedius]