Greek Independence

• Greek nationalism caused a wave of rebellions against the Ottoman Turks.
• Greeks won a formal recognition of independence from the Ottomans in 1830.

• Led the unification of Italy
• Expelled foreign authorities from Italy
• Caused Italian independence

• Prime Minister of Prussia 
• Reformed and expanded the Prussian army
• Caused the unification of Italy and Germany 

• A process that transformed agrarian and handicraft - centered economies into economies distinguised by industry and machine manufacture.

• High agricultural production led to population growth.
• High population growth led to specification of labor and opportunities for innovation. 

• Played a crucial role in the cause of the industrialization of Britain.
• Many coal deposits existed in Great Britain.
• A shift from wood to coal occured, opening the gates to further industrialization.

• Demand for cotton was very high
• Inventions such as the cotton gin and flying shuttle led to the rapid increase in production of cotton. 

• James Watt invented the steam engine in 1765.
• Led to improvements in transportation such as the train, as well as uses in the factory. 

• Henry Bessemer created a process that decreased the price of manufacturing steel, which led to the replacement of iron by steel.

• The factory became the cheif method of production in industrial economies.
• Caused workers to become more specialized in labor.
• Caused an increase in productivity.

• Poor working conditions caused the creation of unions.
• Laborers often worked 6 days a week for 12-14 hours a day. 

• Protestors to factories who destroyed textile machines.
• Luddite movement crushed when 14 luddites where hanged.