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GRE Psychology: Cognition
Princeton Review, 7th ed.
21
Psychology
Graduate
10/03/2009

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Cards

Term
Concepts
Definition
How one represents the relationship between two things.
Term
Mental set or set
Definition
Preconceived notion of how to look at a problem.
Term
Schema
Definition
Cognitive structure that includes ideas about events or objects and attributes accompanying them.
Term
Scripts
Definition
Ideas about the way events typically unfold (going to class, etc.)
Term
Prototypes
Definition
representative or usual type of an event or object.
Term
Insight
Definition
Having a new perspective on an old problem
Term
Convergent thinking
Definition
Is the type of thinking used to find the solution of a problem.
Term
Divergent thinking
Definition
Type of thinking used when there is more than one solution to a problem.
Term
Problem space
Definition
Sum total of possible moves one might make to solve a problem.
Term
Heuristics
Definition
Problem-solving strategies that use shortcuts that have worked in the past.
Term
Metacognition
Definition
Refers to the thinking about your own thinking.
Term
Mediation
Definition
Intervening mental process taht occurs between stimulus and response.
Term
Logical reasoning errors
Definition
atmosphere effect: conclusion influences by the way information is phrased. Semantic effect: believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather than what logically follows. Confirmation bias: remembering and using information that confirms what you already think.
Term
Loftus and Collins
Definition
Suggested that people have hiearchacal semantic networks, and that they answer "true" quicker than "false".
Term
Allan Collins and Ross Quillian
Definition
The farther apart the hierarchies, the slower the response.
Term
Stroop Effect
Definition
Decreased speed when trying to determine color of ink when the words printed are colors themselves (blue in yellow ink)
Term
Bottom-up|Top-down
Definition
Bottom-up is from data, where top-down is from concepts
Term
Automatic processing
Definition
Task that is effortlessly done as it is under a high organizational concept.
Term
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Definition
Bodily reactions cause emotions. A physiological response prompts emotion.
Term
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Definition
Emotion and bodily reactions happen simultaneously.
Term
Cognitive Theory of Emotion
Definition
Asserts that emotions are a product of physiological reactions (like James-Lange). Schacter and Singer claim that cognition is the missing link: how we interpret the state is key.
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