Term
| Gram neg rods are divided into: |
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Definition
1. enterics
2. nonfermenters
3. coccobacillary Gram neg rods |
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Term
| The largest group is the ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of enterics: |
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Definition
1. gram neg
2. nonsporeforming
3. facultative anaerobic rods
4. ferment glucose
5. produce acid + gas
6. can grow in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded mammals |
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Term
| The 3 groups of intestinal pathogens of enterics are: |
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Definition
1. Salmonella
2. Shigella
3. Vibrio |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| The 4 diseases they cause are all manifested in the gastrointestinal disorder ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Salmonella typhi causes... |
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Definition
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Term
| The duration of typhoid fever is ... |
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Definition
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Term
| How many stages does typhoid fever have? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first stage of typhoid fever lasts ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of the 1st stage of typhoid fever: |
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Definition
- low-grade fever
- constipation |
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Term
| In the 1st stage of typhoid fever, organisms can only be cultured from ... |
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Definition
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Term
| In the 2nd stage of typhoid fever, organisms can only be cultured from ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of the 2nd stage of typhoid fever: |
|
Definition
- high fever
- liquid, bloody stools |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Salmonella typhimurium causes ... |
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Definition
| Gastroenteritis (food poisoning) |
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Term
| Result of gastroenteritis... |
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Definition
diarrhea!
(not as bad as typhoid fever) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ... diarrhea containing white blood cells/pus |
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Term
| Shigella grows and multiplies in ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Vibrio cholorae causes... |
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Definition
cholera!
(endemic to Southeast Asia and India) |
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Term
| Vibrio produces a toxin that ... |
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Definition
... radically upsets the ability of inestinal cells to contain water
=> HYPERSECRETION OF WATER
=> diarrhea
=> dehydration, acidosis, shock, death :( |
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Term
| All Gram neg organisms are ... |
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Definition
PATHOGENIC
(produce a fever) |
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Term
| Pathogenisity in due, in part, to ... |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. #1 cause of UTIs
2. Septicemia
(infection of blood stream)
3. Spinal meningitis in newborns
4. Abdominal and wound infections |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Typhoid fever
2. Gastroenteritis
3. Osteomyelitis
(infection of the bone) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal and wound infections |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Severe enteritis in children
2. Preumonia and upper respiratory infections
3. UTIs of nosocomial origin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thought to be innocuous, now implicated in pulmonary infections and septicemia. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal and would infections |
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Term
|
Definition
1. #1 cause of UTIs in males
2. abdominal and wound infections |
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Term
| All enterics are defined as being ... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The 6 tests discussed in lab are... |
|
Definition
1. MACCONKEY AGAR
2. TSI
(Triple Sugar Iron Agar)
3. UREASE
4. INDOLE
5. CITRATE
6. OXIDASE TEST - Q-tip |
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Term
MACCONKEY AGAR:
Polymicrobial = |
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Definition
| numeous different organisms |
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Term
The most common
Gram negative selective medium is ... |
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Definition
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Term
MACCONKEY AGAR:
Selective due to ... |
|
Definition
... BILE SALTS
+
CRYSTAL VIOLET |
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Term
MACCONKEY AGAR:
Differential due to... |
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Definition
| ph indicator, NETRAL RED. |
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Term
MACCONKEY AGAR:
The plate tests for ... |
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Definition
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Term
MACCONKEY AGAR:
The plate indicates that an organism is a ... |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
MACCONKEY AGAR:
Interpretation of results: positive = |
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Definition
RED colonies
Lactose fermenters |
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Term
MACCONKEY AGAR:
Interpretation of results: negative = |
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Definition
COLORLESS colonies
non-lactose fermenters |
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Term
MACCONKEY AGAR:
Interpretation of results: GROWTH = |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
lactose negative
*except Salmonella and Shigella |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. 3 sugars
2. Sodium thiosulfate
3. Phenol red |
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Term
| TSI: Sodium thiosulfate detects organism that can produce... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
TSI: Phenol red:
Alkaline = ...
Acid = ... |
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Definition
... RED (K)
... YELLOW (A) |
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|
Term
TSI:
If an organism can
only ferment glucose... |
|
Definition
- whole tube => initially yellow
(because of the acid produced)
- once glucose is used up => fermentation stops
- respiration continues in slant => pH will rise
- in slant, acids are oxidized
- slant will turn back to red (alkaline)
- the butt will remain yellow (anaerobic) |
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Term
TSI:
If an organism can
only ferment glucose, the ratio is... |
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Definition
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Term
TSI:
If an organism can
ferment glucose and lactose... |
|
Definition
- the whole tube => yellow
- glucose fermented 1st, then others
- tube remains yellow bc of acid |
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Term
TSI:
If an organism can
ferment glucose and lactose, the rate is ... |
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Definition
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|
Term
TSI:
If an organism
can't ferment glucose... |
|
Definition
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Term
TSI:
If an organism
can't ferment glucose, the result will be... |
|
Definition
- pH won't fall
- tube will remain red |
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Term
TSI:
If an organism
can't ferment glucose, it is called a ... |
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Definition
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Term
TSI:
If an organism
can't ferment glucose, the rate is ... |
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Definition
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Term
TSI:
Gas production is detected by ... |
|
Definition
bubbles in the agar
(many, few or even none) |
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Term
Which organisms produce
hydrogen sulfide? |
|
Definition
Salmonella and Shigella
(+ others) |
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Term
| Organisms produce H2S by ... |
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Definition
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Term
| The production of H2S is detected by ... |
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Definition
FERROUS SULFATE
(which produces a black precipitate, FeS)
Black color will mask the color of the agar! |
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Term
| UREASE: Several organisms, but neither of the pathogens, can split ... |
|
Definition
UREA -> AMMONIA
due to the presence of urease. |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
UREASE: Interpretation of results:
|
|
Definition
+ - hot pink
neg - light pink |
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|
Term
| INDOLE: Tryptophanase cleaves ... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| UREASE: Presence of indole can be detected by the addition of ... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| UREASE: Kovac's reagent reacts with indole to produce... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A few of the enterics can use citrate as the sole source of ... |
|
Definition
| CARBON and ENERGY for growth |
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Term
| CITRATE: Ammonium phosphate does what? |
|
Definition
release of ammonium ions
increase in pH |
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Term
| CITRATE: pH indicator is ... |
|
Definition
Brom Thymol Blue
(changes from green to blue above pH 7.6) |
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Term
| Which tests are part of the IMViC reactions used in water analysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indole Methyl red Voges-Proskauer i Citrate |
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|
Term
IMViC:
Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer are rests of ... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| NONFERMENTERS are strict ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pseudomonas
- Alcaligenes
- Acinetobacter
- Moraxella |
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|
Term
| NONFERMENTERS: are environmental organisms. T/F |
|
Definition
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|
Term
NONFERMENTERS:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes: |
|
Definition
- UTIs
- septicemia
- upper and lower resp tract inf
- wound and burn inf |
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Term
| What is the difference between Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas? |
|
Definition
| Acinetobacter is not as resistant to antibiotics as Pseudomonas is! |
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Term
| The pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is called ... |
|
Definition
PYOCYANIN!
(green, smells like grapes) |
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Term
| Characteristics of the Pyocyanin ... |
|
Definition
- diffusible
- water soluble
- green |
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Term
| Characteristic that separates Pseudomonas from other gram neg rods is that it is ... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The oxidase reaction tests for ... |
|
Definition
| ... the presence of cytochrome C! |
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|
Term
| Interpretation for Oxidase test: |
|
Definition
- poz: dark purple in less <10 s
- neg: no color change/purple in >20
- questionable: purple in 10 - 20 s |
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