Term
Escherichia Coli is most common cause of
(4 things) |
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Definition
1.Urinary tract infection
2. Gram negative rod sepsis
3. Neonatal meningitis and
4. Travelers diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal habitat is gut of man and animals; may colonize the lower end of urethra and vagina. |
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Term
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Definition
| contact and ingestion (fecal-oral route); may be food associated; may be endogenous. |
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Term
| Treatment and prevention of E Coli |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| brush boarder of intestinal mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| verotoxin that destroys microvilli |
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Term
| Verotoxin of e coli 157 enters blood causing |
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Definition
| vascular endothelial damage and increased platelet aggregation |
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Term
| Which causes hemorrhagic colitis, or hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Platelet fibrin thrombi form causing ischemic damage to |
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Definition
| colon, kidney, and other tissues (E Coli 157) |
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Term
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Definition
| enterocolitis, enteric fevers such as typhoid fever and sepsis. |
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Term
| What is the most common causes of bacterial enterocolitis in USA. |
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Definition
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Term
| Transmission of Salmonella/typhoid fever |
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Definition
| Habitat is the enteric tract of humans and animals, e.g.,Chicken and domestic livestock. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route. |
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Term
| Treatment of salmonella/typhoid fever |
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Definition
| Antibiotic is the drug of choice |
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Term
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Definition
| Public health measures, e.g., sewage disposal, chlorination of water supply, stool cultures for food handlers, and hand washing prior to food handling. |
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Term
| Salmonella enteriditis ingestion is absorbed in the |
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Definition
| epithelial cells in terminal portion of small intestine |
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Term
| Bacteria from the small intestine penetrate cells in the |
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Definition
| ilieocecal region, causing high grade fever (continuous) |
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Term
| Patient complaints of salmonella |
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Definition
| headache, lower abdominal pain-close to appendix, diarrhea |
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Term
| Typhoid fever is closely related to |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Obligatory anaerobic gram negative rods |
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Term
| Members of the genus bacteroids are the predominant anaerobes found in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Bacteroids are part of normal flora and only cause disease when they gain |
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Definition
| access to the blood during bowel penetration for example during surgery or trauma. |
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Term
| Bacteroids are however the most common cause of serious infections by |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| metronidazole is the antibiotic of choice |
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Term
| Prevention of bacteroids are |
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Definition
| pre-operative antibiotic can be administered |
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Term
| Vibrio Cholerae disease is |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| treatment consists of prompt replacement of water and electrocytes, either orally or intravenously |
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Term
| What transmits diarrhea through cAMP |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| public health measures to ensure clean water and good food hygiene |
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Term
| The vaccine of cholera is composed of |
|
Definition
| killed organisms and has limited usefullness |
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Term
| Shigella Disease: Shigella species cause |
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Definition
| enterocolitis ( bloody dysentery). |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| The main treatment of shigellosis is fluid and electrolyte replacement. In severe cases antibiotic is given. |
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Term
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Definition
| Public health measures, e.g., sewage disposal, chlorination of the water supply, stool cultures for food handlers, and hand washing prior to food handling. |
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Term
| Shigella patients will present with |
|
Definition
| bloody diarrhea, mucus, and abdominal cramping |
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Term
| Campylobacter Jejuni disease |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Campylobacter Jejuni transmission |
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Definition
| Animal reservoir. Organisms acquired from contaminated food and milk. Person to person spread is rare. |
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Term
| Treatment of Campylobacter Jejuni |
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Definition
| No specific treatment is required for diarrhea. Erythromycin is indicated for invasive disease |
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Term
| Prevention of Campylobacter Jejuni |
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Definition
| Prevention depends of good food hygiene. There are no vaccine available |
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Term
| Campylobacter Jejuni causes |
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Definition
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Term
| Helicobacter Pylori Disease is |
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Definition
| Gastritis and duodenal ulcers, associated with gastric carcinoma. |
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Term
| Helicobacter Pylori Transmission: |
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Definition
| Person to person transmission (fecal-oral) likely. |
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Term
| Helicobacter PyloriInfections occur in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Helicobacter Pylori treatment |
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Definition
| Proton pump inhibitors plus antibiotics (e.g., metronidazole, tetracycline, clarythromycin) |
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Term
| Helicobacter Pylori causes stomach acid to |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Helicobacter Pylori causes the stomach mucus |
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Definition
| to be destroyed exposing the underlying connective tissue |
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Term
| Klebsiella Pneumonia causes |
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Definition
| necrotizing lobar pneumonia in individuals compromised by alcoholism, diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema |
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Term
| Klebsiella cause of a hospitalized patient is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Klebsiella Pneumonia is also called |
|
Definition
| lobar pneumonia because it affects an entire lobe instead of a small area. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| large bacteria, opportunistic bacteria (only patients that are healthy may survive the bacteria) |
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Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa Most often in compromised patients with |
|
Definition
- natural immunological deficiency
- immunosuppressive therapy
- burns
- chronic pulmonary disease (cystic fibrosis)
- IV narcotic users
- renal dialysis |
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Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections take form of |
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Definition
| septicemia, abscesses, corneal infections, meningitis, bronchopneumonia, and subacute bacterial endocarditis, otitis externa (children), UTI (not normal UTI infection) |
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Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa Treatment often fails with |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa also common in patients with |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hemophilus Influenza disease |
|
Definition
| It causes pneumonia in adults particularly in those with chronic obstructive lung disease |
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Term
| Hemophilus Influenza It is still an important cause of |
|
Definition
| upper respiratory tract infections,( otitis media, sinusitis, and epiglotitis) and sepsis in children, broncho-pneumonia |
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Term
| Hemophilus Influenza used to be a big cause of death in young people under 5 because of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Treatment Hemophilus Influenza |
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Definition
| —Antibiotic (Ceftriaxone) |
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Term
| Hemophilus Influenza most common in patients with |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hemophilus Influenza is a contiguous spread from |
|
Definition
| site of colonization in the respiratory tract |
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Term
| Disseminated spread of Hemophilus Influenza is via |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Pneumonia, both in the community and hospitalized immunocompromized patients |
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Term
| Legionella is one of the causes of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Transmission of Legionella |
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Definition
| Environmental saprophyte (any organism living upon dead or decaying organic matter) acquired by inhalation of contaminated water from shower, air conditioning systems, and cooling towers. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| No vaccine available. Prevention depends upon maintenance of hot water and air conditioning systems in large buildings such as hospitals, offices and hotels. |
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Term
| Bordetella Pertussis Disease |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Bordetella Pertussis Transmission |
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Definition
| —Human pathogen spread by airborne route from cases of disease. |
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Term
| Bordetella Pertussis Treatment and Prevention– |
|
Definition
| Erythromycin (antibiotic) is the drug of choice for cases and close contacts of whooping cough. |
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Term
| Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine is |
|
Definition
| used as a part of the immunization program so disease is not as fatal as it used to be. |
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Term
| Pasteurella Multocida Disease |
|
Definition
| Caused by infected animal bite (e.g. cat or dog). |
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Term
| Pasteurella Multocida Acute onset |
|
Definition
| of redness, pain and swelling. |
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Term
| Pasteurella Multocida Transmission— |
|
Definition
| Zoonotic (animal bite) infection. |
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Term
| Treatment and prevention Pasteurella Multocida |
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Definition
| Treat animal bite as polymicrobial infection (multiple antibiotics). |
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Term
|
Definition
| The term 'bubonic' refers to the characteristic bubo or enlarged lymphatic gland. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Transmission of Yersinia Pestis |
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Definition
| Zoonotic infection transmitted to humans through the bite of fleas carried by rodents. |
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Yersinia Pestis |
|
Definition
| Streptomycin is the drug of choice with tetracycline as an alternative |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vaccine available for those at risk. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Control and eradication of infected animals is important. |
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Term
| Bubonic plague entry to exit |
|
Definition
| entry, spread to lymphatics, disease infection buboes (black hemorrhagic lymph nodes, pneumonia, internal organ hemorrhage), exit (highly contagious) |
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Term
| Pneumonia Plague entry to exit |
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Definition
| entry (sinus), disease (pneumonia, 100 % fatal), exit (highly contagous) |
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Term
| Bacteria plague spread by blood |
|
Definition
| baceterial growth in lungs, plague meningitis |
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Term
| Plague spread human to human is called |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Brucella species cause brucellosis (undulant fever) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Zoonotic infections transmitted to man through consumption of contaminated milk or other unpasteurized dairy products and by direct contact (veterinarians and farmers). |
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Term
| Brucella Treatment and Prevention— |
|
Definition
| Doxycycline alone or in combination (e.g., streptomycin). |
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Term
| Brucella Prevention depends upon |
|
Definition
| eliminating the disease from domestic animals by vaccination and pasteurization of milk. |
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Term
| Brucella not usually spread to |
|
Definition
| person to person, only animal to person |
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Term
| Francisella Tularensis Disease– |
|
Definition
| Tularemia (glandular fever) |
|
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Term
| Transmission of Francisella Tularensis is |
|
Definition
| Zoonotic infections transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, the bite of infected fleas or ingestion of contaminated meat. |
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Term
| Francisella Tularensis Treatment and Prevention— |
|
Definition
| Streptomycin or Gentamycin. |
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Term
| Francisella Tularensis Prevention— |
|
Definition
| Live attenuated vaccine is available for at risk individual (hunters, and laboratory workers). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| rabbit fever or glandular fever |
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