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| a break where rocks on either side of a fracture [break or crack in a rock] move |
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| the movement of the ground, caused by waves from energy released as rocks move along faults |
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| in an earthquake, the energy waves that move outward from the earthquake focus and make the ground shake |
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| place INSIDE the earth where an earthquake starts |
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| place on the SURFACE of the earth directly above the focus - most violent shaking is found here |
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| waves of energy, released during an earthquake - fastest moving seismic wave- are push and pull waves (compress and stretch) - move through solids, liquids and gases |
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| waves of energy, released during an earthquake - move slower than P waves- particles move from side to side- travel through solids- cannot travel through the outer core- cannot be detected on the side of the earth opposite to that which the earthquake occurred |
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| waves of energy, released during an earthquake that start on the earth's surface at the epicenter - slowest moving wave- they cause the surface to rise and fall - cause the most damage |
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| boundary between the crust and the mantle- seismic waves travel faster below the Moho and slower above it |
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| the area where seismic waves cannot reach because earth's liquid outer core bends primary waves and stops secondary waves |
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| amplify and electronically record groundmotion, producing a trace |
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| instrument that is used to detect, measure and record the strength and arrival time of P,S, and L waves |
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| the measure of the energy released from an earthquake |
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| the process by which an earthquake's violent movment suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud |
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are seismeic sea waves
a huge wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor- a quick movement of the crust pushed against the water causes a powerful wave |
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| elastic rebound hypothesis |
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Definition
| explains that when rocks are deformed, they first bend and then break releasing stored energy |
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| movements from smaller earthquakes that follow a major earthquake |
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| small earthquakes that come before a major earthquake |
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| a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake |
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| an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time |
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| opmost solid part of the earth that is made up of a number of plates -plates are both oceanic and continental crust - there are 7 major lithosperic plates -move at different speeds and in different directions |
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| plasticlike layer below the lithosphere- the lithosphere "floats" and moves around on the asthenosphere |
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the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth;
the layer we live on |
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the 2890 km thick layer of EArth located below the crust
82% of Earth's volume |
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a layer beneath the mantle about 2260 km thick
contains liquid iron and makes the Earth's magnetic field |
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| the solid innermost layer of Earth |
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