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| People who identify with a party, vote in elections and participate in additional party and party-candidate activities |
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| Influencing what people consider important |
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| An attitude is a feeling about or towards a particular object |
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| The assigned location where a reporter regularly gathers news stories |
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| Deviation from some ideal standard, such as representativeness or objectivity |
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| Websites to post text, photos, audio files for others to respond to |
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| An economic system characterized by private ownership of productive assets where decisions about how to use these assets are made by individuals and firms operating in a market rather than by government |
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| A regional, ethnic, racial or economic subgroup within the House or the Senate. Also describe the party in the House or Senate (e.g. Republican caucus) |
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| A system for selecting delegates to the national party conventions characterized by neighborhood and area wide meetings of party supporters and activists |
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| Collective public opinion |
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| The political attitudes of the public as a whole, expressed as averages or percentages |
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| The political position which holds that the federal government ought to play a very small role in economic regulation, social welfare and overcoming racial inequality |
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| a gathering of delegates who nominate a party’s presidential campaign |
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| Conventional participation |
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| Political activity related to elections or contacting public officials |
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| Individual’s views about the fundamental nature of human beings, society and economy; taken together, they comprise the political culture |
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| Reinforcement and validation; can’t avoid discussion of other views |
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| Filters information and gives privilege to certain perspectives |
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| People who favor private enterprise, minimal regulation of business and low taxes. |
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| People who favor government regulation of business and government spending for social programs |
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| Elected representatives of the states whose votes formally elect the President of the United States; the number of electors in each state is equal to the total number of its senators and representatives in the House and are almost always cast in a block for the candidate who wins plurality of the vote in a state in the presidential election |
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| Electoral competition model |
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| A form of election in which parties seeking votes more toward the median voter or the center of the political spectrum |
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| Electoral reward and punishment |
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| The tendency to vote for the incumbents when times are good and against them when times are bad |
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| Representatives who are elected in the states to formally choose the U.S. president |
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| The former requirement that television stations give or sell the same amount of time to all competing candidates |
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| The former requirement that television stations present contrasting points of view |
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| Radio broadcasts given by the president that reached the entire nation |
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| Providing a context for interpretation |
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| Democrats are nicer to women and minorities; this may be exaggerated |
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| Younger people are more likely to vote Democrat, replacing Republican as the higher populated way of thinking |
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| ***Group consciousness*** |
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| the idea that one’s own fate has to do with the political and social standing of the entire group |
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| More liberal on economic though conservative on social |
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| The merging of hard news and entertainment in news presentations |
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| Procedures available in some states for citizens to put proposed laws and constitutional amendment on the ballot for voter approval or rejection |
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| The concept of a country not getting into the affairs of other countries |
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| Inside or secret information given to a journalist or media outlet by a government official |
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| People who claim to be independents but they say they consistently favor one party over another |
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| The political position that holds that the federal government has a substantial role to play in the economic regulation, social welfare and overcoming racial inequality |
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| determines how far the sample is from the proportion of which we are trying to extrapolate |
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| Term used to suggest that media corporations are so large, powerful and interconnected that alternative voices to the economically and politically powerful cannot have their views aired |
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| Refers to the voter at the exact middle of political opinion |
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| the stance toward foreign policy that suggests that the United States should seek the cooperation of other nations and multilateral institutions in pursuing its goals; one who believes the United States should use its military and diplomatic power in the world in cooperation with other nations and international organizations |
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| A political system in which three or more viable parties compete to lead the government; because a majority winner is not always possible, multiparty systems often have coalition government where governing power is shared among two or more parties |
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| Heavy reliance on official sources and the mood of the nation changes depending on public support |
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| Political tactic in which people running for office will advertise their opponent’s flaws and negative points. |
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| Does NOT tell you what to think, just what to think about |
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| Worth printing or broadcasting as news, according to editors judgments |
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| The proportion of the votes that each party would win if party identification alone affected voting decisions |
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| News reported with no evaluative language and with any opinions quoted or attributed to a specific source |
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| Our culture and diversity amongst activists means opinions will never get too far out of bounds |
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| political activity, including voting, campaign activity, contacting officials and demonstrating |
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| A government in which people actively participate in electing their leaders in government |
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| The sense of belonging to one or another political party |
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| More votes than any other candidate but less than a majority of all votes cast |
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| Digital audio and video files made readily available to interested people via computers and portable devices |
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| Citizens’ preferences concerning what policies they want government to pursue |
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| Political action committees |
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| An entity created by an interest group whose purpose is to collect money and make contributions to candidates in federal elections |
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| The sense that an individual can affect what government does |
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| A system of interrelated and coherently patterned beliefs and attitudes |
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| Actively participating in voting during elections, keeping up with politics and voicing your opinion |
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| The process by which individuals come to have certain core beliefs and political attitudes |
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| The basic principle of democracy that the people ultimately rule |
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| stable, individual level traits |
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| Presidential approval rating |
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| A president’s standing with the public, indicated by the percentage of Americans who tell survey interviewers that they approve a president’s “handling of the job” |
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| Statewide elections in which voters choose delegates to the national party conventions; normally, all delegates are pledged to a specific candidate for the party’s nomination |
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| The government’s power to prevent publication, as opposed to punishment afterward |
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| Proportional representation |
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| The awarding of legislative seats to political parties to reflect the proportion of the popular vote each party receives |
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| A theory of democratic elections in which voters decide what government will do in the near future by choosing one or another responsible party |
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| Citizens fund presidential campaigns by giving donations and helping with labor of promoting |
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| Political attitudes and core beliefs expressed by ordinary citizens as revealed by surveys |
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| Somewhat derisive term for print, broadcast and radio commentators on the political news |
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| The selection of survey respondents by chance, with equal probability, to ensure their representativeness of the whole population |
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| The process by which one party supplants another as the dominant party in a political system |
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| Procedures available in some states by which state laws or constitutional amendments proposed by the legislature are submitted to the voters for approval or rejection |
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| Indirect democracy, in which people rule through elected representatives |
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| A political party that takes clear, distinct stands on the issues and enacts them as policy when in office |
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| A form of election in which voters look back at the performance of a party in power and cast ballots on the basis of how well it did in office |
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| An interview study asking questions of a set of people at random to represent the whole population |
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| Social (lifestyle) conservatives |
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| People who favor traditional social values; they tend to support strong law and order measures and oppose abortion and gay rights |
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| Social (lifestyle) liberals |
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| People who favor civil liberties, abortion rights and the right of people to pursue alternative lifestyles |
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| Unregulated expenditures by political parties on general public education, voter registration and voter mobilization; often used to indirectly influence campaigns for elective office |
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| The attempt by public officials to have a story reported in terms that favor them and their policies |
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| Elected officials from all levels of government and others who are appointed by party committees to be delegates to the national convention of the Democratic Party; not selected in primary elections or caucuses |
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| the proportion of eligible voters who actually vote in a given election |
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| Unconventional participation |
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| Political activity in the form of demonstrations or protests |
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| The stance toward foreign policy that suggests that the United States should “go it alone” pursuing national interests without seeking the cooperation of other nations or multilateral institutions; one who believes the United States should vigorously use its military and diplomatic power to pursue American national interest in the world, but on a “go it alone” basis |
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| The role of the media in scrutinizing the actions of government officials |
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| Scandal with Nixon in which phone lines were tapped and recorded of the president’s conversations |
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| Blog, online articles written by people in which you can comment and share your opinions and views |
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| Organizations such as the Associated Press and Reuters that gather and disseminate news to other news organizations |
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