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| The legal doctrine that a person who is arrested must have a timely hearing before a Judge |
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| A Government decree that a person is guilty of a crime that carries the death penalty, rendered without benefit of a trial. |
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| A law that retroactively declares some action illegal. |
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| Freedoms found primarily in the Bill of Rights that are protected from government interference. |
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| The right tot own and use property free from excessive interference. |
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| The section of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits states from depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property "Without due process of law," a guarantee against arbitrary or unfair government action. |
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| The gradual and piecemeal incorporation of the protections of the Bill of Rights by the U.S. Supreme Court. |
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| The process by which the Supreme Court has made most of the provisions of the Bill of Rights binding on the states. |
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| The process by which provisions of the Bill of Rights become incorporated. |
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| The government's power to prevent publication, as opposed to punishment afterwards |
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| That portion of the First Amendment to the Constitution that prohibits Congress from impeding religious observance or impinging upon religious beliefs. |
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| The part of the First Amendment to the Constitution that prohibits Congress from establishing an official religion; the basis for the doctrine of the separation of the church and state. |
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| A standard promulgated by the Supreme Court that prevents police and prosecutors from using evidence against a defendant that was obtained in an illegal search. |
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| Legal doctrine that refers to a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed. |
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| Any crime for which death is a possible penalty. |
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| The section in the Fourteenth Amendment requiring states to provide equal treatment to all people within its boundaries. |
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| Popular term for the system of legal racial segregation that existed in the American south until the middle of the twentieth century. |
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| A tax to be paid as a condition of voting; used in the South to keep African Americans away from the polls. |
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| A device used by the southern states to prevent African Americans from voting before the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which banned its use; usually involved interpretation of a section a state's constitution. |
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| A device that allowed whites who had failed the literacy test to vote anyone by extending the franchise to anyone whose ancestors had voted prior to 1867. |
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| Primary elections open only to whites. |
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| Unequal treatment based on government laws and regulations. |
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| Unequal treatment by private individuals, groups, and organizations. |
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| Programs of private and public institutions favoring minorities and women in hiring and in admissions to colleges and universities in an attempt to compensate for past discrimination. |
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The government's action must have a secular legislative purpose;
The government's action must not have the primary effect of either advancing or inhibiting religion;
The government's action must not result in an "excessive government entanglement" with religion. |
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| a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Pennsylvania's 1968 Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which allowed the state Superintendent of Public Instruction to reimburse nonpublic schools (most of which were Catholic) for the salaries of teachers who taught secular material in these nonpublic schools, secular textbooks and secular instructional materials, violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment |
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| Symbolic speech is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it |
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| The action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation |
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| A published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation. |
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| A judge's order that a case may not be discussed in public |
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| was a very important decision of the United States Supreme Court with regard to voting rights and, by extension, racial desegregation. It overturned the Democratic Party's use of all-white primaries in Texas, and other states where the party used the rule. |
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| The United States Supreme Court decided 7-2 against Scott, finding that neither he nor any other person of African ancestry could claim citizenship in the United States, and therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court under diversity of citizenship rules |
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| was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States[1] that outlawed major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women, including racial segregation. |
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| The right to vote in political elections |
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| Separation of church and state |
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| refers to the distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation state. |
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| is part of the criteria for determining obscenity in Miller v. California (1973). Work is considered obscene if it lacks "Literary, artistic, political," or "scientific" value. |
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Writ of habeas corpus (Article I, Section 9).
· Prompt arraignment (Amend. VI).
· Legal counsel (Amend. VIII).
· To be informed of charges (Amend. VI).
· To remain silent (Amend. V) |
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Rights with the Police:
Miranda Warnings
Search and Seizure Rights
Warrants
Rights in Court:
Right to Counsel
Right Against Self-Incrimination
Right to a Speedy Trial by Jury
Right Against Double Jeopardy
Rights if Convicted:
Right Against Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Right to Counsel on Your First Appeal |
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| in 1865 this Amendment to the Constitution outlawed slavery. |
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| In 1866, the amendment was passed and gave blacks the right of citizenship in America |
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| "Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation." |
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