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| Hellenistic (Greek) Period |
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| Egyptian (Ptolemies) Period |
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| Maccabean (Hasmonean) Period |
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| First Century Jewish Groups |
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| Diaspora, Synagogue, People of the Land, Scribes or lawyers, Four Sects |
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| Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots |
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| Jews outside of Palestine and cut off from the temple, but concentrated on study of the Torah and life of the synagogue |
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| after the exile, Judaism was practiced wherever the Torah could be carried; emphasis on personal piety and relationshop with God |
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| Ordinary farmers, fishermen, craftsmen, and merchants of Palestine who weren't aligned with any special group |
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| professional class of interpreters and teachers of the law who delivered judicial pronouncements on cases brought before them |
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Largest most influential NT sect (6,000) Name derived from Hebrew verb "to separate" Gave complete obedience to every precept of oral and written law party of the Synagogue, promoted study and interpretation of Torah Popular with the people of the land Only party to survive destruction of temple after 70 AD Jesus critiqued their legalism
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Aristocrats of political powered who governed Jews Made compromises with the Roman and Greek world Had control over high priesthood, Temple, and Jewish courts Only accepted Torah (first 5 OT books) as authority Denied afterlife and didn't believe in angels and demons Jesus said to be in the world, but not of the world
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Small separatist group that grew out of conflicts of the Maccabean period Stressed strict observance of the Jewish law Considered the temple priesthood corrupt and rejected much of the temple ritual and sacrificial system Formed a separatist group called the Qumran community Dead Sea Scrolls Jesus said be in the world, but not of the world
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Group of revolutionary Jewish nationalists who advocated violence as a means of liberation from Rome Rebels, bandits, and terrorists who strove to overthrow the oppressors' military might, but failed Jesus advocated non-violence
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Gospels are a mix of ancient writing which (1) narrates the acts (2) the memoirs and (3) lives of ancient people and events |
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Recorded events about Jesus Recalled his teachings, but the main purpose was to bear witness to Jesus by presenting his life, death, and resurrection Not modern biographies Early church accepted different perspectives on Jesus, but rejected the idea of a "different" Jesus
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| (1) summarized sayings (2) played with chronological order and (3) arranged material topically and thematically |
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Several "apocryphal" gospels occured by middle of 2nd century Many bore names of famous apostles/disciples Range from orthodox to semi-orthodox to heterodox to heretical (Gnostic teaching) Gospel of Thomas is most important apocryphal gospel
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Coptic gospel containing "secret sayings which Jesus spoke" attributed to Didymus Judas Thomas Found in 1945 in Nag Hammadi Written as early as 50 - 70 AD; no later than 200 AD
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