Testing Position  - Supine, Knees flexed back flat, arm by side palm faces the body

Normal range  -  180 degrees

Normal end feel  -  Firm

Stabilization required - stabilize the thorax to prevent ext of spine

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - lateral greater tubercle

    Proximal arm - midaxillary line of the thorax

    Distal arm -  midline humerus  - lateral epicondyle my be helpful reference

Testing Position  - Prone head turned away from side being tested. arm by side palm faces body

Normal range  -  50 degrees

Normal end feel  -  Firm

Stabilization required - stabilize the thorax to prevent rotation of spine

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - lateral greater tubercle

    Proximal arm - midaxillary line of the thorax

    Distal arm -  midline humerus  - lateral epicondyle my be helpful reference

Testing Position  -  Supine, arm by side palm faces anteriorly,

Normal range  -   180

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  the thorax to prevetn lateral flex of spine

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  anterior acromial process

    Proximal arm -  midline of sternum

    Distal arm -   midline of humerus

    Body landmarks med epicondyle may be helpful

Testing Position  -  Supine, 90 shoulder ab, forearm perpendicular to floor, the palm faces the feet.  Humerus rests on support elbow is not on support.  Place a towel under the humerus

Normal range  -   70 aaos or 90 ama

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  distal end of humerus

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  over olecranon process

    Proximal arm -  perpendicular or parallel with floor

    Distal arm -   ulna midline. Use olecranon and syloid of ulna

 same as medial rot.  

Testing Position  -  Supine, 90 shoulder ab, forearm perpendicular to floor, the palm faces the feet.  Humerus rests on support elbow is not on support.  Place a towel under the humerus

Normal range  -   70 aaos or 90 ama

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  distal end of humerus

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  over olecranon process

    Proximal arm -  perpendicular or parallel with floor

    Distal arm -   ulna midline. Use olecranon and syloid of ulna

Testing Position  -  Supine, arm close to the side of the body palm facing ceiling

Normal range  -    140

Normal end feel  -   soft

Stabilization required -   humerus  towel or pad under the humerus

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -   lateral epicondyle of humerus

    Proximal arm -   lateral midline humerus center of acromion process

    Distal arm -    midline of radius radial styloid

not usually measured as it is a return from flexion.  Normal extension is 0 degrees

if you must know extension measure flexion. end feel is hard

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, flex elbow 90 degrees, UE close to body

Support the forearm. thumb toward ceiling in beginning position.

Normal range  -   80

Normal end feel  -   may be hard may be firm

Stabilization required -  distal end of humerus

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - proximal ulnar styloid process

    Proximal arm -  anterior midline of humerus

    Distal arm - dorsal forarm proximal to radial and ulna styloid processes

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, flex elbow 90 degrees, UE close to body

Support the forearm. thumb toward ceiling in beginning position.

Normal range  -   80

Normal end feel  -    firm

Stabilization required -  distal end of humerus

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - medially ulnar styloid process

    Proximal arm -  anterior midline of humerus

    Distal arm - dorsal forarm proximal to radial and ulna styloid processes

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, elbow 90, palm facing the ground forearm rests on supporting surface wrist does not.

Normal range  -  60  ama 80 aaos

Normal end feel  -    firm

Stabilization required -  radius and ulna

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - triquetrum

    Proximal arm -  ulna midline use olecranon and styloid

    Distal arm - midline of fifth metacarpal

alternative goniometer alignment uses the dorsal aspect fulcurm over capitate, midline of forearm, third metacarpal.

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, elbow 90, palm facing the ground forearm rests on supporting surface wrist does not.

Normal range  -  60  ama 70 aaos

Normal end feel  -  firm can be hard sometimes

Stabilization required -  radius and ulna

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - triquetrum

    Proximal arm -  ulna midline use olecranon and styloid

    Distal arm - midline of fifth metacarpal

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, shoulder ab 90 degrees, elbow 90, palm facing ground and forearm and hand resting on surface

Normal range  -   20

Normal end feel  -    hard  maybe firm

Stabilization required -  radius and ulna

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - capitate

    Proximal arm -  midline of forearm

    Distal arm - midline of the third metacarpal

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, shoulder abducted to 90, elbow to 90 and the palm facing the ground

Normal range  -   30

Normal end feel  -    firm

Stabilization required -  radius and ulna

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum - capitate

    Proximal arm -  midline of forearm aim at lat epicondyle of humerus

    Distal arm - midline of third metacarpal

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, with forearm and hand resting on surface. thumb to ceiling

Normal range  -    90

Normal end feel  -     hard

Stabilization required -  metacarpal

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MCP joint

    Proximal arm -   dorsal midline of metacarpal

    Distal arm -  dorsal midline of prox phalanx

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand on support, thumb to ceiling, wrist in 0, MCp neutral

Normal range  -    20 ama  45 aaos

Normal end feel  -     firm

Stabilization required -  metacarpal

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MCP joint

    Proximal arm -   dorsal midline of metacarpal

    Distal arm -  dorsal midline prox phalanx

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand resting on support.  wrist 0, palm faces ground, MCP at 0

Normal range  -    None given

Normal end feel  -     firm

Stabilization required -  metacarpal

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MCP joint

    Proximal arm -   dorsal midline metacarpal

    Distal arm -  midline prox phalanx

Testing Position  -   Sitting up straight, forearm and hand resting on support. Thumb to ceiling, wrist 0, palm faces ground, MCP at 0

Normal range  -    100

Normal end feel  -     hard - maybe soft or firm

Stabilization required -  proximal phalanx

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal pip joint

    Proximal arm -   midline prox phalanx

    Distal arm -  midline of the middle phalanx

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand resting on support. Thumb to ceiling, wrist 0, palm faces ground, MCP at 0

Normal range  -    0

Normal end feel  -     firm

Stabilization required -  MCP joint

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal PIP joint

    Proximal arm -   midline of prox phalanx

    Distal arm -  midline of middle phalanx

    Body landmarks

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight,

Normal range  -   

Normal end feel  -    

Stabilization required - 

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  

    Proximal arm -  

    Distal arm - 

    Body landmarks

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight,

Normal range  -   

Normal end feel  -    

Stabilization required - 

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  

    Proximal arm -  

    Distal arm - 

    Body landmarks

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight,

Normal range  -   

Normal end feel  -    

Stabilization required - 

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  

    Proximal arm -  

    Distal arm - 

    Body landmarks

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight,

Normal range  -   

Normal end feel  -    

Stabilization required - 

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  

    Proximal arm -  

    Distal arm - 

    Body landmarks

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand on support.  full supination wrist 0, CMC 0

Normal range  -    35 ama 20-80 aaos

Normal end feel  -     firm

Stabilization required -  carpals, radius, ulna

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  palmaar aspect of first CMC joint

    Proximal arm -   ventral midline of radius  or line between trapexium and pisaform

    Distal arm -  midline of first metacarpal.

Measurment will not begin at 0 do the math

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand on support.  thumb to ceiling, wrist 0, CMC,MCP and IP 0

Normal range  -    70

Normal end feel  -     firm

Stabilization required -  carpals and second metacarpal

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  lateral aspect of radial styloid porcess

    Proximal arm -   lateral midline of the second metacarpal and MCP joint

    Distal arm -lateral midline of the first metacarpal using center of of first MCP joint for reference.

AD duction not measured.

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forarm and hand on support, full supination, wrist 0,

Normal range  -    contact between the tip of thumb and the base fof the 5th finger is usually possible .  If no flexion of the MCP and IP joins of the thumb is available there wil be a distance

Normal end feel  -     Soft

Stabilization required -  Stabiliize the 5th metacarpal

Goniometer alignment - Not used

ruler is used to measure the distance between the tip of the thumb and the center of the proximal crease of the 5th finger.

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand on support.  full supination, wrist 0,CMC 0, IP 0

Normal range  -   50 aaos  60 ama

Normal end feel  -     hard or firm

Stabilization required -  first metacarpal

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MCP joint

    Proximal arm -   midline of metacarpal

    Distal arm -  midline of proximal phalanx

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand on support.  full supination, wrist 0,CMC 0, IP 0

Normal range  -    0 aaos  40 ama

Normal end feel  -     firm

Stabilization required -  first metacarpal

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MCP joint

    Proximal arm -   midline of metacarpal

    Distal arm -  midline of proximal phalanx

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand reasting on support, full supination, wrist at 0, CMC of thumb in 0 MCP of thumb 0,

Normal range  -    80

Normal end feel  -     Firm

Stabilization required -  prox phalanx

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal IP joint

    Proximal arm -   midline of prox phalanx

    Distal arm -  midline of distal phalanx

Testing Position  -  Sitting up straight, forearm and hand reasting on support, full supination, wrist at 0, CMC of thumb in 0 MCP of thumb 0,

Normal range  -    20 aaos 30 ama

Normal end feel  -     Firm

Stabilization required -  prox phalanx

Goniometer alignment -

    Fulcrum -  dorsal IP joint

    Proximal arm -   midline of prox phalanx

    Distal arm -  midline of distal phalanx