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Goal 9 Terms
Goal 9 Terms from U.S. History
60
History
11th Grade
11/18/2011

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Term
Return to Normalcy
Definition
Harding's statement that the US needed to return to a time of isolationism, less social reform, and increased economic growth.
Term
Laissez-Faire
Definition
Lack of governmental interference in the economy
Term
Teapot Dome Scandal
Definition
Harding's Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, granted drilling rights to companies on government properties in exchange for gifts
Term
Albert Fall
Definition
Harding's Secretary of the Interior that caused the Teapot Dome Scandal
Term
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Definition
A tariff signed by Hoover...was intended to protect US business but became a disaster for the economy
Term
Speculation
Definition
Making high-risk investments in the stock market with hopes of making high returns
Term
Buying on Margin
Definition
Investors purchased stocks for only a portion of what they cost. They'd borrow the difference and pay interest on the loan.
Term
Mechanization
Definition
Increased use of machinery for production
Term
"Black Tuesday"
Definition
October 29, 1929...the stock market crashed
Term
Rugged Individualism
Definition
It was the role of the individual to take care of him/herself and his/her family...with hard work, anyone could make it
Term
Direct Relief
Definition
The government helps citizens.. People began to shoot down the idea of rugged individualism during the collapse of the economy and favored this
Term
Easy Credit
Definition
Allowed consumers to pay a little at a time rather than all at once
Term
Installment Plan
Definition
Allowed people to use easy credit to pay a little at a time
Term
Overproduction
Definition
Producing too much of a product so that prices fall and not enough is sold
Term
Hoovervilles
Definition
Slum shanty towns named after Hoover where those affected by the Depression would live
Term
Soup Kitchens
Definition
Provided food for the poor
Term
Breadlines
Definition
Provided food for the poor
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
A series of storms that hit the Midwest and caused enormous clouds of dust that destroyed cities, farms, and homes
Term
Radio
Definition
People across the nation could hear the same reports and news...became important means of communication
Term
Market/Advertising
Definition
Newspapers, magazines, etc
Term
Jazz
Definition
Music from New Orleans that made its way north
Term
Silent Films and Talkies
Definition
Silent films revolutionized the entertainment industry, and sound was added to them, nicknaming them 'talkies'.
Term
The Jazz Singer
Definition
The first 'talkie'... starred Al Jolson
Term
Lost Generation
Definition
Writers that felt lost in a society of greed and moral corruption
Term
Langston Hughes
Definition
African American writer that wrote memorable poetry and short stories about black heritage
Term
Louis Armstrong
Definition
A trumpeter and singer from New Orleans that was among the most noted jazz musicians
Term
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Definition
Wrote the Great Gatsby
Term
Ernest Hemingway
Definition
Wrote of the Lost Generation in his novel, The Sun Also Rises
Term
Sinclair Lewis
Definition
Critiqued society through stories like Main Street, Babbit, and Elmer Gantry...won the 1st Nobel Peace Prize for literature
Term
Speakeasies
Definition
Illegal bars
Term
Bootleggers
Definition
Criminals who sold illegal alcohol that they usually hid in their boots
Term
Babe Ruth
Definition
Had a record of 714 career homeruns, which remained unbroken for 40 years
Term
Charles Lindbergh
Definition
Made the first solo trans-Atlantic flight
Term
Automobiles
Definition
Much more affordable and common
Term
Fireside Chats
Definition
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's direct communication with America over the radio
Term
Zora Neal Hurston
Definition
Harlem Renaissance writer that wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God
Term
Marcus Garvey
Definition
Jamaican who started black pride movements, such as the Back to Africa movement
Term
United Negro Improvement Association
Definition
Started by Garvey; proclaimed that blacks should feel proud of their race
Term
W.E.B. Du Bois
Definition
Started the Niagara Movement and then the NAACP
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
All words of the Bible are directly from God and literally true
Term
Scopes Trial
Definition
John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution in his school
Term
Aimee Semple McPherson
Definition
Preached the fundamentalist message over the radio
Term
Billy Sunday
Definition
Fundamentalist preacher who had over 300 revivals
Term
Margaret Sanger
Definition
Started the American Birth Control League (later Planned Parenthood) and advocated the use of birth control
Term
Deficit Spending
Definition
Government spending of borrowed money
Term
Social Security
Definition
Retirement income for all workers 65 and older
Term
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC)
Definition
Insured bank deposits up to $100,000 in case of bank failure
Term
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Definition
Prevented practices that could lead to excessive stock market speculation
Term
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Definition
Launched public construction projects that helped provide jobs
Term
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Definition
Employed unmarried men 17-23 in national parks
Term
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Definition
Gave loans to farmers and paid them not to grow crops
Term
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Definition
Built hydroelectric dams to create jobs and bring electricity to the south
Term
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
Definition
Sought to bolster industrial prices and prevent businesses from failing
Term
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Definition
Provided jobs for unskilled workers
Term
Wagner Act
Definition
Created a board to monitor unfair management practices such as firing workers who joined unions
Term
National Labor Relations Act
Definition
AKA Wagner Act
Term
Fair Labor Standards Act
Definition
Raised minimum wage, set max work hours, and ended child labor
Term
Father Charles Coughlin
Definition
Catholic priest and radio personality known for his Anti-Semitic and controversial remarks
Term
Huey P. Long
Definition
A critic of the New Deal who supported redistribution of wealth and was assassinated
Term
Frances Perkins
Definition
Secretary of labor; first woman to hold a cabinet position and made many decisions
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