Term
|
Definition
| 1100-750 bc 8th century a period of time when there are really no written records. ot until all of the sudden the alphabet and Homer. Dark Age greece c.1100- c.750 bc aeolian & dorian greeks. had no written recordsz decrease in agri. and trade all was hellanic by end of dark ages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
500-338 bc
6th -4th century
persian invasion
battle of amrathon
salamos and thermopalyae
platea = won war
delain league formed
also known as golden ageorAge of Perciles= the height of Athenian power and brilliance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1650-1100 bc 2nd and 3rd century bronze weapons minoan and mycenaean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
800-500 bc
9th to 6th century
also called heroic age
many poets Homer, philosphers and lyrical poems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Minoan written language that we are unable to understand becasue it is not greek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he made the maze for the Minator.
then was locked up and made wings of wax to fly out.
flew with son... son cocky and flew to close to sun=died |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
weren't greek but large influence on greece
Agean Age
thought to be myths until palace discoverd
depict bulls and women with snakes
influence on greek mythology-Minos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first greek civilization
1600-1100bc
loose alliance of state cause of geography
good commercial and trade network becasue stuff found alll over med. sea
trouble hit in 1100bc and then they were destroyed
1500bc volcanoe erupts
1300- 1100 bc larger myceana palaces being destoryed, not sure who destorys. greeks blame it on outside invaders
most destruction occurred in 1200- 1100bc
most fighting in greece was between the greeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
considered to be a great and wonderful palace on crete
the center for Minoan civilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1851-1941
unhearthed the palace on crete
made a myth real |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he was a king with a half bull son had a maze made for him labrinth.
then he captured 6 men and women from Athens and was going to feed them to his son. but one of the men was Theseus a Kings son.
he defeated the Minator but his father commited suicde |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the mycenyaean written language that we are able to read because it is closr to greek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first greek city-state great center of trade
"capital" of mycenyaean greece |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in homers oddessy, he talks about the trojian war
well troy is city that gets destroyed becasue pairs stole helena- wife of spartan king
greece beat trojans
trojan war 1250 bc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he discovered what is said to be troy he was a wack job and did stuff to make himself look better
herinrich schliemann 1822- 1890
1849 came to Sac obsessed with homer. went to troy and greece to find things about trojan war.
Troy 6- evidence of Trojan war. because the city was destroyed much like the war had done. 1250bc(hissarlik) modern day turkey
while digging in mycenae treasures were found burials.
believe heirnrich took another set of findings and put them together, making stories up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
they were used as a way to bring all of greece together
it was sporting games
different city-states competed against each other
used for a religioud unity at first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heavily armed foot soilders
spears and swords
they form stong sense of unity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
center of religion with in the city
soilders practive drills, assembly could meet, center of government, and market place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oligarchy(run by aristocrats)
overthrown lower class= merchants supported tryrants
tyrants= set up democracy
citizen= male born in Athens
children=well-rounded and learned lit. and art and at 7 they went to school
late 7th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Apollos oracle
all greeks could come there to figure things out and pray
but there was dis unity becasue different city-states had different temples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
military state
oligarchy=small group
fighting on land
conquered neighboring city-states
Laconians, messenians
can't travel aboard
didn't like outsiders
boys had to be amde honorable so they were taken from the home at age 7 and and had a military life forever
women=freedom like men, but had to be fit to bring up good Spartans
sparta vs. messenians
1st war 735 lasted 20 years
2nd war 650 lasted 30 years
conquered the helots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when the soilders who were fighting by the the aristocrats demanded reforms
so they set up oligarchy
2 kings(generals)
28 elders(council)
5 ephors
also pertains to the whole military lifestyle
from 7 until death or old age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
another reform gained the upper hand
he createda new council of five hundered that supervise forgien affairs
oversaw treasury and propsed the lwas that would be voted on
then he made a Athenian male citizen council so that ever citizen could come and vot on every law in free open debate
he startedthe foundation for democracry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means captured and pertained to the prisoners of war or those that the city-states conquered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one person who rules over everyone
decides what is right and wrong for everyone without hearing others position
can make laws that help themselves and the people they like and leave out others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
594
poet
made Archan
obolished debt system
4 classes that all had rights
doesn;t wnat to become tyrant so leaves
Athenian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when something brings all of greece together
sometimes it was religious or Olympic games
but they all came together to defeat persian empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the first king of the persian empire
he invaded greece first, but lost
died in 490bc
thought he was godlike
came after Darius
he attacked greece again as revenge for the defeat of Darius
many battles took place with the 300 eleite Spartan soliders leading greece into battle
he lost the war at Plataea
in 5th century
almost 11 year war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
where the people rule the people
and not one person has more rights than the others
people are equall
(mostly these pertain to males) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
478
it was a league centered around Delos and was a bunch of islands and cities that had formed agorup to start preparing for the next time the persians attacked
made up of all big figures in Athens
was voluntary until Athens needed money and then it became madatory or else the Athenians would destroy your city-state
they moved the delian league center to Athens, and Athens flourished in everything becasue they had the money to fund things
Athenian leader was Pericles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first campaign 490
2nd campaign 480
the empire that tried to overtake the greek
they lived by the ionan coast and futher east
they were the most dominant empire at the time and decided to go to war with greece
modern day Iran
they invaded in 500bc |
|
|
Term
Battle Of
Marathon
Thermopolyae
Salamis
Plataea |
|
Definition
Marathon- darius attaked becasue Athens had helped the Ionian Coast revolt and fight the Persian empire
so they came to win and were stopped by the Athenian army- a guy foght in battle then ran back to tell Athens of the victory and died_name for marathon 26 miles
Thermopolyae- it was a mountian pass that needed to be defended in order for greece to prepare for war. led by 300, about 7,000 greeks fight off over 180,000 persians long enough for greece to fortify they loose battle due to traitor but greece is ready now
Salamis- the athenians fled the city and hid their small but quick fleet behind the island salamis, when the persians came out with their huge fleet, the athenians were able to surprise them and wipe out entire fleet
Plataea- the greeks finally won after around 11 years of war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
431-404
was a war between Athens and Sparta
Perciles cut off Spartan allies through trade
in 431 spartan allies convienced them to make a war with athens
the athenians basic sratagy was to outlive war behind their walls but problems broke out= a plauge hit killing about 1/3 of population 430bc
then pericles dies 429
fighting contiunes for 10 years
then peace break 421-413
during peace time athens takes their nave all the way around greece and attackes Syracuse(a spartan alli)
athens looses(devestating)
413 open warfare starts again
Sparta strikes a deal with the persians
if persia will build sparta a nave then they can have the ionian coast
Athenian navy defeated 404
404 end of war
sparta wins
then looses all allies becasue they try to take over athens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Age of Perciles 461-429
central Athenian political leader who changed Athens
it is said to be the Age of Pericles becasue under him everything flourshied in Athens
he made beautiful strucutres
reading and writing
art and lit.
open debate and new ideas
and the coming and going of people who wished to learn
he made every postion open to every citizen and made them paying
he was a wonderfull speaker and very smart |
|
|
Term
| Aegestopotomi and Syracuse |
|
Definition
At Aeg. in 404, athenian navy looses to the persain made spartan anvy and that is end of war
at syracuse, the athenians attack it during peace time
they take navy all the way across sea, and they loose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fighting between thebes, Athens and Sparta as they fight for dominance in greece |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a city that emerges during the pp war they were alli to sparta until sparta tried to rule athens
thebes was main power when athens them and sparta were fightng for power over all of greece
and it was them that noticed the macedonains were going to invade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
where the people can decide if there is someone that is threating the city or trying to get politcial pwoer, they can throw them out for 10 years
ban them form athens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
was Socrates student
started the Academy in athens
aristotle was his student
also believed in forms but he wrote down what he thought
wrote famous book called republic |
|
|
Term
| Socrates and Socratic methood |
|
Definition
Socrates- was put to death for corrupting the youth
made a great speech about how he wasn't afraid of death
presocratic philospher
never wrote anything down but believed in forms his most famous student was plato
Socratic method- question-answer format that all knowledge was laready there but you had to dig deep to find it |
|
|
Term
Allegory of the Cave and
The Republic |
|
Definition
Allegory of the Cave- a paper written by Plato. he is trying to explain why people live in the shadows not answering questions and why its hard to see what is right in fornt of our eyes, why people don't think outside the box.he is talking to a student and explaining the steps to reach the forms... how you must start out and how you finish.
The Rebublic- written by plato is about the system of government he is most fond of. he believes after seeing socrates die, tat democracy is just mob ruling. he thinks all men shouls be given the same education and then those who excell will be made inot philospher kings who rule the poeple, but not like tyrannt, just help to see things on higher level so that people recieve the best.
called egaliterian oligarchy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a school started by plato that taught
very famous becasue it tuaght kids to think forthemselves and to question
many famous people were schooled there and many aristocrats sent their kids there(all the way from rome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
it is an ides that there are these forms in thw world that make us up
there are different "steps" to reach the highest one
it starts with just small virtues which build to others forms like justice and charity then the highest for is godness
that everything is made of this higher goodness to reach for
complicated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
student of plato...asked higher questions
about the soul instead of the nautralistic world as much
he worte in many areas all depending on what he observed for he believed everything was down here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
was the mountian that the gods and goddess were said to dwell on
it was Zues's mountain becasue he was like the father god |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he was a greek playwriter that wrote tragedies
his famous play is Oedipus Rex which fortells how Oedipus will kill his father and marry his mother, and though he trys to prevent it, it happens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wrote the first real ture greek comedies.
poked fun at politicl and smart people
tried to make a point or provoke action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he wasthe first real historian as they say
he made sure his stories were correct and had good information
his book was History of the PP War
he thought gods had nothing to do with mens lives becasue men made problems
his evidence and book is all factual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
was the father of history
he went around asking questions and then he made o book
he never checked hs sources or stories so he isn'talways the best to read but its still a story
his book is History of the Persian Wars
its about the struggle between greek and persian
gods come into play
he is considered master stroyteller becasue not all is true |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he was the king of macedonia
he took over all of greece
he really loved greek culture and wanted to spread it
son ALexander the great
died in 336 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
338-133bc the macedonia rule greece and greek culture expands thorughout most of world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greek anyone or anything in greece that was greek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the battle when the macedonians fought thebes and athens and has victory |
|
|
Term
| Anaximander and Xenophanes and Thales and Pythagoras |
|
Definition
All presocratic philoophers- answered questions about the world
An.- student of Thales heaven and earth were primortal
Xe.- Gods arn't gods, revalation comes from humans
Th.- everything is made up of water
Py.- math in abstract way, southern italy, pythagorean theorm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the giant volcanic eruption the wiped out a lot of crete and maybe the palace
1500bc volcanoe erupts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he was a greek poet who wrote two epic poems The Oddessy and The Illiad
they are about specific events but more about struggles and glory and arrogance, heors and failures
the illiad tells about achilles and his battle
and the oddessy is about oddessues finding his way back home
they all have to do with the gods playing a key role and showing heoric deeds and how heors can fall if your not careful
homers gods have real emotions but more powerful (rage, jealousy which turns into war) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he was another writter
700bc
he wrote poems but in his stories gods were more like our christian god
but same way of showing arete=excellence(in battle) and hubris= aggorgance and pride(downfall) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
explored new ways of expressing emotion in poetry
like real personal feelings that were intense and with different rythmical patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he was the brother to the king of sparta and went to lead the battle of troy to get helen back
in the illiad he gets in a huge fight with achilles
he wins the trojan war and gets helen back
then comes home and is murdered by own wife |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he was a great greek war hero
he was almost inpenatrable except for his achilles tendon
he was very hubris and angry and in the illiad it shows how greatness on the battlefield can lead to downfall
he runs around with hector's body instead of honouring the dead thereofre he dies
he was hubrs but also a great war hero |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
they gave the greek their alphabet
greeks adopted their alphabet in 8th century
they were sailors and their aplphabet is like ours where the letter =sound and u use sound to make word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excellence
is used in the stories of Homer as a way to teach the young |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
750bc
central focus of greek life
a town, ctiy, or villiage along with surronding countryside
a place wher people could meet for political,religious, and social activites
things in a polis were
on a hill, a acropolis
then an agora
and all the country around it
above all it was a community of people that shared a common identity and common goals(men women and children) |
|
|
Term
| biggest strenght and weakness |
|
Definition
citizenship
it brought them really close and ready to die but also only citizens could be involved in governemnt and having too much of a stron sense of identity, excluding others and cases conflict between other city-states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
son of philip the second
he was a great military leader
we conquered the persian empire and all the way to india
then his soilers made him stop
he went back and died with unfinished biusness |
|
|
Term
| the 4 kingdoms that Alexander empire split itoon |
|
Definition
Macedonia
syrai
Ptolemaic Egypt
Pergamum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dying gaul and Victory of Samothrace
they were hellenistic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decided the world was round
only off by 186 miles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made the philosphy of Epicureanism
MEANING THE GREATEST GOAL IN LIFE IS PLEASURE BUT YOU MUST thin it out becasue no pleasure in death
be social
fun-seekers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made a book called elemts and made defenses for syracuse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a philospher that made Stoicism
meaning that be happy with life becasue everything that is hard is thrown at you for a reason and is meannt to casue harm
they are strong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a great religious temple in athens made for Athena
built by pericles
made famous, now kinda wrecked
doric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
doric- the oldest and most simple order
made by dorians that lived in mainland greece
7th century bc
heavy thick colums with really simple capital and no pedistool
parathenon
Ionic- ioana live in mordern day turkey
more refined style with thinner columas
eyes on capital
and a pedistool
Erechthenon(south pourch has female pillars, carytids)
Corinthian- most elegan and ornate of the three
wasn't found in most of greece but really used by romansbecasue ofshowiness
from corrnith |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
