Term
| Primary risk factors for osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Personal history of bone fracture in adulthood; Fracture history in 1st degree relative; Low body wt (<127 lbs); Current smoker; Oral corticosteroid therapy > 3 months. |
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Term
| What is the most commonn disorder of bone and mineral metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of women, at what age, are affected by osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| 50% of women over 50 years old. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength, predisposing a person to an increased risk for fractures. |
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Term
| Secondary risk factors for osteoporosis? |
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Definition
Impaired vision;
Early estrogen deficiency;
Dementia;
Poor health/frailty;
Recent falls;
Life long low calcium intake;
Decreased physical activity;
ETOH >2 drinks/day (1.0 oz ETOH total/day). |
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Term
Bone loss in osteoporosis is equally spread throughout the bone.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
Bone loss is greater in trabecular bone than cortical bone. |
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Term
| Ethnic considerations for bone mass: Who has a higher bone mass? African Americans or whites? |
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Definition
| African Americans (and Hispanics) have more bone mass than whites. |
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Term
| Gender consideratons for bone mass: Who has a higher bone mass? Men or women? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do women start losing bone mass? |
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Definition
| After menopause. Women lose 1-5% of bone mass per year in the first few years after menopause. Then bone loss accelerates again after age 75 (reason unknown). |
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Term
| What medications are linked to bone loss (and osteoporosis)? |
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Definition
| Excess thyroid hormone; Glucocorticoids; Anti seizure meds; Heparin; Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists; Aromatase inhibitors; Depo-medroxyprogesterone. |
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Term
| What are the S/S of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| None in the early stages! It is a "silent" disease. You usually don't know you have it until you break a bone. S/S of late phases of significant vertebral osteoporosis: height loss, kyphosis, severe cervical lordosis (dowager's hump). |
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Term
| How is osteoporosis diagnosed? |
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Definition
Usually after a fracture, unfortunately;
or with bone mineral densitometry assessment [dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA scan)].
However, X-ray may not be able to detect until 30% of bone mass is gone. |
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Term
| Disease prevention approaches for osteoporosis? |
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Definition
Adequate Calcium and Vit D supplementation;
Regular, weight bearing exercise |
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Term
| Harm prevention approaches for osteoporosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended daily allowance for calcium for post-menopausal women? |
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Definition
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Term
| What calcium supplements are best to help prevent osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Pure calcium carbonate (with meals) or pure calcium citrate (with or without food); Taken in divided doses of 500-600 mg bid. |
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Term
What form of vitamin D should be taken as a supplement:
D2 or D3? |
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Definition
| D3 (cholecalciferol) is preferable over D2 (ergocalciferol) in supplements. |
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Term
| What is the current recommended daily dose for vitamin D? |
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Definition
| Up to 1000 IU for adults. Older adults with severe deficiency may be given 50,000 IU once a week for 3 months. |
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