Term
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Definition
| Globalization is the economic, political, cultural, and social transformation occurring throughout the world. Globalization is the interconnectedness of many nations in these various ways. |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic Globalization is characterized by emerging markets that help some countries become more prosperous while some countries are harmed economically because they cannot compete with the more developed systems for production in other countries. |
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Term
| International Organizations |
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Definition
| International organizations are critically important to globalization because they do much to encourage trade between nations while they regulate how that business is conducted. Organizations that are devoted excluxively to economic growth are NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and WTO (World Trade Organization). |
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Term
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Definition
| NAFTA is the North American Free Trade Agreement, a contract among three nations in the western hemisphere that encourages free trade. This means that each of the countries will no put barriers to trade in place to make it harder to do business with each other, for example tariffs, embargo, taxes. |
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Definition
| WTO is the World Trade Organization, an association of 51 countries whose purpose is to encourage trade and global business connections. |
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Term
| The United States policy on economics and the environment |
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Definition
| The United States policy on economics and the environment states that economies must grow in order to solve environmental issues. There are those that want the U.S to take a more active "green" position on issues and those that want market forces to determine the direction the U.S will take. |
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| Global Environmental issues |
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Definition
Water availability
Pollution
Global warming
Toxic substances
Waste, recycling, reuse
Use of natural resources
Deforestation
Greenhouse effect
Fossil fuels
ozone layer
Acid rain
Decline of biodiversity |
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Definition
Population
Human rights
Fair trade practices
Fair wages
Gender issues
Political self determination
Global health concerns
Health care delivery |
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Term
| Global environmental and social issues |
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Definition
| Global environmental and social issues impact the lives of all people, some more directly than others. Culturally, values and societies around the world have been impacted by globalization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Foreign Policy is as varied as the country with which we are interacting but it is clearly highlighted by the idea that it is in our interest as a powerful nation to promote countries that are moving toward democracy. |
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Term
| International Governmental Organizations |
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Definition
| International Governmental Organizations are associations that are made up of government representatives from different countries. These representatives try and establish a platform to discuss world concerns and issues. though that is the goal, sometimes the forum makes the international discussion more heated and controversial. In addition, some nations are resentful that an outside organization would try and interfere with the country's ability to self govern. The United Nations is an example of an International Governmental Organization. |
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Term
| Non-Governmental Organizations |
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Definition
| Non-Governmental Organizations are groups that are typically not-for-profit. They are smaller than governmental organizations but have a strong interest in one particular issue, like world hunger or water rights. There are many more NGOs in existence today than there were at the beginning of the 20th century. This dramatic increase is due to the fact that they can sometimes act outside of government restrictions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Environmental issues have a global impact. This is manifested in many different ways. If there is an oil spill in the Atlantic Ocean near the coast of Europe, it may well impact Northwestern Africa since the ocean does not flow according to political borders. Deforestation may impact people in South American in that the natural habitat for animals in that area is destroyed, but lack of lumber production from lack of forest may impact woods ales in the USA which could impact the construction industry here in America. |
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Term
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Definition
Trade partners are countries that do business together., It is necessary for trade partners to have a good relationship so that they can conduct their business without conflict. Countries choose trade partners for a variety of reasons some of which are:
Proximity (country is nearby)
Produces good that the partner wants to buy
Country has been a good political friend
Products are cheap
partner produces goods that the country can't make at home
Allies |
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Term
| Benefits of a global economy |
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Definition
Benefits of a global economy
-encourages free enterprise which can lead to democratization
More markets to buy and sell
Encourages peaceful relationships
More likely that problems will be worked out peacefully |
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Term
| Negatives of a global economy |
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Definition
Negatives of a global economy
-Poor nations can be subject to exploitation (when you are taken advantage of)
Americanization of the world, world loses the unique characteristics from region to region |
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Term
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Definition
Humanitarian Aid- Assistance that provides help to those in need
Military and Security Aid- Assistance to nations in the form of military or security concerns(most controversial)
Economic Stabilization- Assistance to support an economy that is struggling to stabilize
Development Assistance
Assistance to help a developing country create an infrastructure and systems to make life in that country comfortable and safe for its citizens |
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Term
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Definition
| Foreign aid can be a very controversial topic in a country. SOme citizens will support a government's decision to provide aid and some will oppose assistance. What remains clear, despite any controversy, is that there are countries and people all over the world who need assistance on different levels. Please think about the reasons why one aid or another might be provided. For example, if people are suffering from a famine in Africa, what kind of aid would you provide and why? |
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Term
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Definition
| Human rights are rights that all people are entitled to just because they are humans. Different countries have different ideas about what might be a human right. Often, countries do not get along because the rights of citizens in one country conflict with the rights of people in another country. |
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Term
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Definition
| The absorption of American culture and values by other countries so that foreign cultures look like American culture |
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Term
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Definition
| Free trade is trade without barriers |
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Term
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Definition
| Protectionism is an economic strategy to limit trade. Governments construct barriers to restrict trade in order to help their domestic businesses. 3 types: Tariffs (taxes), subsidies import quotas |
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Term
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Definition
| Domestic penalties applied by one country on another for a variety of reasons. |
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Term
| Benefits of a Global Economy |
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Definition
-smaller businesses/countries have access to an international market
-Encourages free enterprise which an lead to democratization
-More markets to buy and sell
_Encourages peaceful relationships |
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Term
| Negatives of a Global Economy |
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Definition
-Small business might not have the resources to access a global market
-Poor nations cannot compete globally
-Poor nations might be exploited (for cheap labor, resources) |
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Term
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Definition
International Governmental Organizations
-An Organization that seeks to resolve problems that affect multiple states. These groups set rules for state which choose to be members |
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Term
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Definition
Organizations devoted to economic growth
NAFTA went into effect in 1994 and regulates the trade among the U.S
Canada and MExico
Each of the countries will not put trade barriers into place |
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Term
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Definition
European Union
African Union
United Nations
International Monetary Fund
World Bank |
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Term
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Definition
| It produces much less carbon pollution than do oil and coal per unit of useful energy. It provides almost 25% of the world's energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Harnesses the power of water as it tumbles over a dam or is driven through a channel and spins a turbine. Cons: Dams disrupt river flow and fragile ecosystems downstream |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclear energy is released by the splitting or merging together of the nuclei of atom. Cons: nuclear accidents, radioactive waste |
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Term
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Definition
| Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful for of energy, such as electricity using wind turbines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solar power is the result of converting sunlight into electricity. Sunlight can be converted directly into electricity using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly with concentrating solar power (CSP), which normally focuses the the sun's energy to boil water which is then used to provide power |
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Term
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Definition
| Geothermal power plants use the heat of the earth's core to heat water, producing steam which drives turbines. THe consistent ground temperature just below the earth's surface can also be used for heating/cooling homes. Produces nearly no waste and is accessible all over the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe and can be easily split from water by electrolysis. Hydrogen fuel gives off water as a byproduct and does not emit any carbon dioxide. Some environmentalists believe a hydrogen economy could greatly reduce the emissions and cut down on pollution problems implicated in global warming. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fusion produces energy by forcing the nuclei of atoms usually forms of hydrogen together. Fusion promises an endless supply of power free of most of the problems of radioactive waste. No international reactor to be built until mid-21st century. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subcontracting to obtain goods or services from an outside source, especially a foreign country |
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