Term
Antidiarrheal
opiod agonists |
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Definition
significant constipating FX. inhibits presynaptic cholinergics -> decrease colonic mvmt
-> increase transit time thus increasing reabsorption of fluid
Diphenoxylate and Loperamide(doesn't cross BBB) |
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Term
|
Definition
kaolin - hydrated Mg(OH)SiO3
pectin - indigestable carb from apples
Anti-diarrheal
Both appear to act as absorbents of bacteria, toxins, and fluid, thereby decreasing stool liquidity and number. |
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Term
|
Definition
bismuth/salicylates - anitdiarrheal
ulcer coater, inhibit prostaglandin/Cl sectretion
Dark stool
C/I renal pts |
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Term
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Definition
Cholestyramine, cholestipol, cholesevelam(no drug intrxn, binds drugs in lumen)
ANTI-DIARRHEAL - CROHN'S |
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Term
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Definition
ANTI-DIARRHEAL (high dose)/PROKINETIC (low dose)
effects are dose related
Somatostatin analogue
GI carcinoid tumors |
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Term
|
Definition
| pancreatic enzyme replacement |
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Term
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Definition
ANTI-EMETIC
PROKINETICS/ANTI-EMETIC
disinhibit Ach -> increase LES pressure and esophageal peristalsis, no effect on SI/LI
METOCLOPRAMIDE, Domperidone (central) |
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Term
|
Definition
Prokinetics
bethanechol -> M3
neostigmine -> AChE inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
ANTI-EMETIC (unk MOA) - for chemo
Dronabinol - THC
Nabilone - THC analogue |
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Term
| antihistamines, anticholinergics |
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Definition
ANTI-EMETIC
Diphenhydramine - H1
Meclizine - H1 (little anticholinergic effects)
Scopolamine - M (motion sickness patch) |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibit dopamine R
ANTI-EMETIC |
|
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Term
Prochlorperazine
Promethazine |
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Definition
ANTI-EMETIC
inhibit Dopa/M and H receptors |
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Term
ODANSETRON
Granisetron
dolasetron
palonosetron |
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Definition
ANTI-EMETICS (5-HT antagonist)
post-operative and chemo
palonosetron - newer w/ higher affinity |
|
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Term
Misoprostil
lanoprostil
prostacyclin
aloprostadil |
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Definition
Prostaglandins
decrease acid production and increase mucus
misoprostil = PGE1 for NSAID PUD
lanoprostil = PGF2
prostacyclin = PGI2 for portal HTN
alprostadil = PGE1 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diflunisol
Etodolac
Ibuprofen
Tolmetin
Acetaminophen |
|
Definition
NSAIDS nonselective
acetaminophen = no anti-inflamm effects |
|
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Term
|
Definition
converted to sulfide metabolite->bile-> enterohepatic circulation -> 12-16hr duration
suppresses FAP inhibits colon cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
NSAID 60hr T(1/2)
nonselective |
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Term
|
Definition
NSAID
not an acid - little stomach damage
$$$$$$ |
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Term
|
Definition
NSAID
ketorlac - IV/IM for opiod reduction
ketoprofen - COX and LOX |
|
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Term
SULFASALAZINE
olsalazine
balsalazide
mesalamine |
|
Definition
AMINOSALICYLATES -> IBD, UC, CROHNS
SULFASALAZINE -> 5ASA-N=N-sulfapyradine
-> sulfapyradine inhibits absorption
bacteria break N=N bond (in regions of IBD) AWESOME!
though to inhibit COX and LOX |
|
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Term
Azathioprine
6-mercaptopurine |
|
Definition
PURINE ANALOGUES - used in chronic IBD
azathioprine -> 6-mercaptopurine
LONG time till onset of sx relief (17 wks) |
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Term
Infliximab
Adalimumab
Certolizumab |
|
Definition
CROHN'S/UC
anti-TNF Ab IgG1
Fc portion = promotes Ab-mediated apoptosis, complement activation
certolizumab = no Fc fragment |
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Term
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine |
|
Definition
H2 antagonists -> decrease gastric acid
cimetidine - gynecomastia |
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|
Term
Omneprazole
esomeprazole
lansoprazole
Rabeprazole
pantoprazole |
|
Definition
irreversibly inhibits(S-S) Proton pump
enteric coat -> duodenal use
omeprazole - inhibit metab of warfarin, diazepam
AWESOME - low T.5, concentrated/activated in stomach, and Long duration of action. |
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Term
|
Definition
triple(14d)- PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin or metronidazole
Consecutive-
1-5d - PPI + Amoxicillin
6-10d - PPI + Clarithromycin + Tinidazole |
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Term
Amoxicillin
Metronidazole
Clarithromycin
Tinidazole |
|
Definition
H. pylori Rx
Amoxicillin - inhibit cell wall
Metronidazole/tinidazole - inhibit protein/DNA
Clarithromycin - inhibit 50S |
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Term
Aluminium hydroxide
magnesium hydroxide
calcium carbonate
Sodium Carbonate |
|
Definition
ANTACID
Mg - osmotic diarrhea
Al - constipating
use Al and Mg together no issues
carbonates produce gas, alkalosis
sodium = fast reacting |
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Term
|
Definition
Sucrose + Aluminum hydroxide
- coats ulcer
increase PGI, HCO3
decrease other drug absorb |
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Term
|
Definition
Antimuscarinics - decrease gastric acid, little salivary effect
Telenzepine is more potent |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Psyllium
Methylcellulose
Polycarbophil |
|
Definition
BULK FORMING LAXATIVES
large indigestable(bacteria->gas), hydrophillic fibers
swell->gel->distend colon->promote peristalsis
polycarbophil = synthetic fibers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
STOOL SOFTNER
don't aspirate mineral oil
oil for fecal impaction |
|
|
Term
Magnesium hydroxide
LACTULOSE
polyethylene Glycol |
|
Definition
OSMOTIC LAXATIVES
Mg/lactulose - cramps, gas - chronic constipation
polyethylene - B4 endoscopic procedures, no cramps or gas |
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Term
|
Definition
STIMULANT LAXATIVES
low absorption, hydrolyzed in colon->BM, chronic use = melanosis coli |
|
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Term
|
Definition
CHLORIDE CHANNEL ACTIVATOR (IBS)
activates type 2 Cl channels -> increase intralumenal Cl-> increase motility |
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Term
METHYLNALTREXONE
Alvimopan |
|
Definition
OPIOD R ANTAGONISTS
don't cross BBB
methylnatrexone -> subQ. good for opiod induced constipation
alvimopan -> short term due to cardiac toxic, shorten post-op ileus |
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Term
5-FU and Leucovoran
capecitabine |
|
Definition
GI cancer rx
leucovoran = co-factor for 5-FU, rescue for MTX
capecitabine = oral version of 5-FU |
|
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Term
|
Definition
inhibits EGFR (Tyrosine Kinase)
reversible
resistance = poor penetration |
|
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Term
|
Definition
MAB against EGFR in colon cancer
infusion reaction prevented with dexamethasone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
MAB against VEGF for colon cancer (not breast)
tox: perforation, HTN, proteinuria |
|
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Term
|
Definition
DNA CROSS LINKERS
oxaliplatin is a better drug, peripheral neuropathy
cisplatin = nausea |
|
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Term
|
Definition
PANCREATIC CANCER
mitomycin - alkylator, stomach/colon too
gemcitabine - antimetabolite(don't use with rad therapy), 1st choice pancreas, can use esophagus, for dividing and resting tumors |
|
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Term
|
Definition
NITROSOUREA
alkylator
no carbamoylated protein toxicity (like in carmustine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Binds beta-tubulin polymers and blocks disassembly |
|
|
Term
Chloramphenicol
tetracyclins |
|
Definition
doxycycline - oral, fecal elim
chloramphenicol - use in early pregnancy (unlike tetracyclines), but not late = grey baby |
|
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Term
|
Definition
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
sulfasalazine (bowel), sulfisoxazole (used alone), sulfadiazine, sulfacetamide, sulfadoxine
inhibit folate synthesis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or in children azithromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
no treatment for enterohemorrhagic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Doxycyclin plus gentamicin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
|
Definition
| inhibition of multiple steps in folate synthesis |
|
|
Term
Ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin |
|
Definition
inhibits Gyrase
don't use in kids |
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|
Term
Erythromycin
Telithromycin |
|
Definition
increase GI mobility
inhibits 50S
enteric coated
telithromycin has lower toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degrades DNA in anaerobic bacteria.
S/E: inhibits ALDH
Tinidazole has less tox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LUMENAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE
used to clear residual giardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LUMENAL AGENT
CLEAR e. HISTOLYTICA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interferes with ferredoxin oxidoreductase enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction in anaerobic metabolism |
|
|
Term
mebendazole,
albendazole
ivermectin |
|
Definition
ANTI ROUND/HOOKWORMS
benzimidazoles- bind beta-tubulin monomers
Ivermectin - paralyse worms by activating glutamate sensitive Cl channels
Both are well tolerated. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
ANTIFLUKE/TAPEWORMS
cause influx of Ca to produce paralysis of the musculature.
can treat flukes with metrifonate too |
|
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Term
|
Definition
HEPATITIS RX
inhibits viral replication, and the translation steps of viral protein synthesis.
HEP C, synergistic with ribavirin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antimuscarinic reduces cramping |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| opiod with some antimuscarinic |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| interacts with erythromycin to cause QT prolongation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NSAID
w/ omeprazole = stops recurrent bleed
w/ misoprostil = reduce GI ulcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PROKINETIC, 5-HT4 agonist
these are presynaptic receptors and enhances release of NT to promote peristaltic reflex; no effect on esophagus, induces Cl secretion in colon
removed from market, CV toxic |
|
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Term
|
Definition
NSAID
also effects TNF-alpha and NOS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NSAID
may inhibit PLA,PLC,reduce PMN movement, decrease T/B cell proliferation
SE = pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NSAID
free fraction higher in F than M |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NSAID
high dose stops PMN migraiton, decrease ROS production, but PUD/bleeding risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| precursor of acetaminophen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glucocorticoids for IBD
hydrocortisone = enemas, suppositories for topical IBD tx
budesonide - analog of prednisone with controlled release for ileum/colon |
|
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Term
|
Definition
antimetabolite for Crohn's
may inhibit IL-1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opioid antagonist for EtOH W/D
do NOT give with disulfiram b.c both hepatotoxic |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| NMDA-R antagonist, GABAa activator for EtOH W/D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maintains abstinence and reduces cravings in alcoholism
odansetron = 5-HT3 antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits ADH - prevents conversion of methanol and ethylene glycol to toxic metabolites
expensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stimulant laxative
used with polyethylene glycol for colon cleansing before procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topi I inhibitor
used in combo for colon cancer |
|
|
Term
| 3 drugs never given orally |
|
Definition
vancomycin = IV only
teicoplanin = IM
bacitracin = topical |
|
|
Term
| cryptosporidium treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organophosphate - ACHE inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hep B treatment
Adefovir - inhibitor of viral polymerase/reverse transcriptase enzyme, chain terminator |
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