Term
| Roundworm/Ascaris Lumbricoides |
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Definition
-*most common nematode infection worldwide
-inhaled from soil
-infective after 2-3 weeks
-has a lung phase
-M and F mate in SI and release eggs which get passed in stool. |
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Term
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Definition
-Pinworm
-eggs inhaled from soil
-infective after 1-2 hours
-eggs mature into adults in upper LI
-gravid females deposit eggs at anus |
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Term
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Definition
-Whipworm
-eggs are inhaled on ingested from soil
-infective after 10-30 days
-eggs mature into adults in upper LI
-tail threads into mucosa/feeds on tissue secretions
-heavy worm burden: eosinophilia, weight loss, dysentery, rectal prolapse |
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Term
| Necator (lives 8 years) and Ancyclostoma (lives 5 years and has teeth) |
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Definition
-Hookworm
-found in warm moist climates in soil
-eggs in soil mature to larvae which penetrate skin
-larvae matures to adult in SI and feeds on blood while hooked
-there is a lung phase
-causes Fe deficient anemia from feeding and pruritis upon penetration |
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Term
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Definition
-Threadworm
-carries out complete lifecyle in humans
-eggs in soil mature to larvae and penetrate skin
-life threatening to immunocompromised
-mature to adult in SI, mate and lay more eggs
-has a lung phase
-autoinfection via 2nd lung phase or larve repenetrating anus |
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Term
| Necator/Ancyclostoma/Ascaris/Strongyloides |
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Definition
| NAAS- all have lung phase |
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Term
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Definition
-reside in doges (poop out eggs)
-humans ingest eggs in dirt that mature into larve inside intestine, then travel to blood and move around body ending up in liver
-see hypereosinophilia via bloodwork |
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Term
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Definition
-parasite of rats and pigs
-transmitted via encysted larvae in undercooked pork
-Intestinal (excyst) and tissue phase (encyst in striated muscle)
-migration of larvae and encystment in muscle causes fever, myalgias, splinter hemorrhages and rash due to inflammatory resoinse |
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Term
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Definition
-Roundworm of Fish
-found worldwide (Japan, Netherlands- where smoked fish is popular)
-aquired by eating raw/undercooked fish w/ encysted larvae
-excyst in GI and penetratet gastric/intestinal mucosa
-sxs: hrs-days post ingestion- VIOLENT abd pain, n/v
-tx: physically remove larvae |
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Term
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Definition
-long-ribbon like flat tapeworm with proglottids
-each proglottid has M/F parts
-found as encysted larve in meat/fush
-pathology is associated with larvae stage
-adult phase is confined to gut/intestine
-minimal sx's until u see proglottids moving in feces |
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Term
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Definition
-Beef tapeworm up to 30 ft long
-Cattle: intermediate host
-humans: definative host
-ingest raw beef with 'cysticerus' encysted larvae
-attach via solex to SI and mature for ~30 years.
-aysymptomatic/mild GI sxs |
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Term
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Definition
-Pork Tapeworm- up to 10 feet
-uncommon in US; acquired in 2 ways
-ingest cysticerus in undercooked pork (Taeniasis sxs_
-ingest eggs which dev into cysticerus intissue of muscle, brain and eyes. (cysticerosis sxs- can lead to seizures) |
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Term
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Definition
-dwarf tapeworm (smallest cestode)
-most common human tapeworm in US
-does not need intermediate host
-acquired by ingesting eggs in food/water which dev into adults in SI and reproduce
-autoinfection increases worm burden
-sxs: abd pain, diarrhea, weight loss |
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Term
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Definition
-largest cestode (>10 meters): found in fish worldwide (Canada/scandanavia common)
-2 intermediate hosts
-crustacean eats eggs taht dev in larvae, fish eats crustacean and larvae dev into adults. We eat the raw fish and worm attaches to SI and grows
-sxs: B12 def- Pernicious ANEMIA, abd pain, n/v/d, weight loss, SBO |
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Term
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Definition
-sheep are intermediate host, dogs are definative
-humans acquire by ingesting eggs in dirt which mature to larve and bore through intestinal wall to blood.
-form hydatid cysts in liver and lungs (fill with fluid for up to 10 yrs)
-body mounts immune response- may see anaphalaxis upon rupturing. |
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Term
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Definition
-Flatworms/flukes
-multiple hosts during lifecycle
-snail is always an intermediate host
-common in Asia |
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Term
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Definition
-Chinese Liver Fluke (China/Korea/Taiwan/Vietnam)
-snail releases cercariae (encysted larvae) which fish eat- we eat the fish contaminated with metacercariae
-encysted larvae excyst in Duodenum, grow to adults in biliary ducts where they stay for lifespan
-causing liver damage and gallstones |
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Term
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Definition
-snail releases cercariae and crabs crayfish eat them. We eat the crustacean contaminated with metacercariae
-encysted larvae excyst in duodenu, bore through SI wall into peritoneal cavity and eventually get to lungs (takes 65-90 days) where they mature, lay egg.
-eggs are excreted in sputum or swallowed and passed in stool
-Acute phase: invasion/migration-dysentary, fever, cough
-Chronic Phase: red/brown sputum, nodules on CXR |
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