Term
| Describe in general the GI tract of carnivores. |
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Definition
- Esophagus --> stomach (HCl, enzymes) --> smaller small intestine --> smaller large intestine
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Term
| Describe in general the GI tract of herbivores. |
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Definition
- Esophagus --> stomach (HCl, ezymes) --> larger small intestine --> larger large intestine
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Term
| Describe in general terms the GI tract of a horse. |
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Definition
- Like herbivores except with a huge development of large intestine
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Term
| Describe in general the GI tract of a ruminant. |
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Definition
- Esophagus --> rumen complex (rumen, reticulum, omasum) --> true stomach (HCl, enzymes) --> very large small intestine --> smaller large intestine
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Term
| Describe in general the GI tract of a chicken. |
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Definition
- Crop (dilation of esophagus for storage of food) --> stomach (HCl) --> gizzard (mastication) --> smaller small intestine --> smaller large intestine
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Term
| Describe in general the GI tract of an omnivore. |
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Definition
- Esophagus --> stomach (HCl) --> smaller small intestine (about size of dogs') --> slightly larger large intestine than dog
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Term
| Describe a fish's intestinal lumen. |
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Definition
- Spirals & folds to greatly increase surface area to compensate for a small sized intestine
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Term
| Describe the GI tract of grain eating birds. |
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Definition
- Gizzard- smooth muscle that can break down food
- Pancreas to give exocrine secretions (into lumen of intestine) & insulin (into blood)
- Relatively short small intestine
- Large coecum with 2 bags that contain bacteria to break down cellulose
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Term
| Among fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, & mammals, which have cloacas and which separate urine? |
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Definition
- Cloaca: amphibian, reptile, bird
- Separate urine: fish, mammals
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Term
| How can the surface area of small intestines be amplified? |
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Definition
- Cylinder, folds, villi, microvilli
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Term
| List the structures of the intestinal wall from inside to out. |
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Definition
- Lumen --> mucosa --> submucosa (nerves, blood) --> circular muscle --> longitudinal muscle --> myoenteric plexus --> submucosal plexus
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Term
| What happens when you contract the circular muscular layer and longitudinal muscular layer of the intestinal wall? |
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Definition
- Circular: constriction of intestinal wall
- Longitudinal: shorts intestines
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Term
| What makes up the intrinsic and extrinsic nervous systems of the intestines, and what do each do? |
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Definition
- Intrinsic: submucosal & myenteric plexuses together
- contracts & relaxes intestines, even without brain
- Extrinsic: vagus & sympathetic controls
- allows brain some GI control (ex: sympathetic & parasympathetic effects)
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