throwing up reflex coordinated by vomited center

emetic center

located in the brain stem medulla

antiulcer

binds to ilcerated areas & protects it (bandaid)

stimulates PGE synthesis

not absorbed acts locally

must separate doses from other drugs (it binds them)

words best in acidic environment

neutralize the gastric acid

tums amphogel rolaids maalox(buffers)

salts of CA BG AL

problems: CA and AL cause constpation MG causes diarrhea

cid rebound : Calcium cabonate causes gastric release which leads to HCL secretion

interferes with absorption of other drugs tetracycline digoxin acepromazine corticosteroids

prostaglandin inhibitors

causes damage to the GI tract due to lose of PG protection

aspirin Rimadyl, Etogestic Metacam

1. parietal cells HCL

2. chief cells Pepsin

3. mucous cells

4. gastrin cells

gastric acidity can contribute to ulcer foramtion

some drugs (glucocortcosteriods and NSAIDS and conditions (renal failure stress) are condicive to ulcer formation

untiulcer drug

Prostaglandin E

expensive causes, uterine contraction

protects gastric mucosa by increasing mucus production, bllod supply to mucosa, mucosal turnover

inhibits acid secretion

side effects: diarrhea abd. discomfort cramping colic uterine contractions

systemic antiacids

competitive inhibition of H@ receptors

block secretion of HCL

cimetdine

ranitidine

famotidine

stagger doses with other drugs that rely on acidity

metabolized by the liver IV IM SQ PO

used for motion sickness

decreases imput from vest. app. the the vomiting center by blocking H receptors in the CRTZ

Diphenhydramine

Dimenhydrinate

Meclizine

block dopamine receptors in the CRTZ and vomiting center also block histamine

causes hypotension

Acepromazine

chlorpromazine

prochlorperazine

(sedation may lower seizure thresholds)

tetracyclic anti depressent

potent appetite stimulation

potent antiemetic

tetracyclic antidepressant

appetite stimulant

potent antiemetic (central acting)

fatty liver disease

most common liver dz in cats

tx: aggresive feeding via feeding tube vitamin supplematation B&K

prevention: cyproheptadine (periactin)

works in about 80% of cats may take 24 hrs to see effect

segmental contractions: mixing

peristaltic contractions:propelling

phenothiazines

antihistamines

antocholinergics

prokinetic drugs

serotonin antagonists

neunkinin-1 recptors antagonists

parasympatholytics (Lyse PWS)

(Atropine Aminopentamidine Centrine

blocks the effects of the vagus

may increase vomiting due to GI stasis

increases segmantal cntractions in the proximal small instestine

slows transit time

increases segmentation

decreases peristaisis

slows transit time

Diphehoxylate

Loperamide

CAUTION IN CATS

systemic antacids

binds to luminal surface of stomach leads to proton pump inhibitor

-inhibits secretion of H + into the lumen

-Prilosec Losec gastragard

prokenetic drugs

Metoclopramide

central and local effects

central- inhibits dopamine and serotonin in CRTZ

Local- stimulates motility in upper GI tract

bilious vomiting : Bile from duodenum

DONT combine w/ phenothiazines/anticholinergics

May casue sedation and or manic behavior in cats

Zofran

not approved in animals

blocks serotinin rec in CRTZ

expensive

neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist

central acting antiemetic

peptobismol

-coats mucos-radiopague

-looks like melena

Banamine

NSAID

used for blocking the effect of bacteria toxins

well tolerated in horses(colic)

side effects in small animals GI ulceration, renal failure due to inhibition of protective prosta

BLOCK hyersecretion

sulfa antibiotic chem combined with a salicylate

BLOCK hypersecretion

can cause keratoconjuntivitisis scca (dry eye)

entcrotoxins or inflam prosta stim cells lining GI tract which leads to dumps active ions into intest

lumin leads to pulls H2O with them

drugs that block hypersecretion

Bismuth subsalicylate

Flunixin

sulfasalazine

block PNS receptors

old school versions stop instestines

antidiarrhea grugs

atropine aminopentamide (centrine)