Term
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Definition
| Portal hypertension reactivates the paraumbilical veins |
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Term
| Where does most of the blood to the liver come from? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
What is the physiological unit of the liver?
Which zone is most sensitive to ischemic and toxin damage |
|
Definition
Acinus: Two portal tracts and a central vein
Zone 3 is most sensitive
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Term
What cells form a bile canaliculus?
What are the draining canals for canaliculi? |
|
Definition
Hepatocyte joined by tight junctions
Canals of herring |
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Term
What is the fibroblastic cell of the liver?
What other roles does it have? |
|
Definition
Ito cells
Also, stores Fat |
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Term
What is the cause of crigler Najjar syndrome?
What are the types?
How are they treated? |
|
Definition
Mutation in UGT activity
Type I(AR): No UGT, dead by 2, Transplant
Type II(AR/AD): Decreased UGT, Normal/maybe neurological signs, Phenobarbitol |
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|
Term
What is Gilbert Syndrome?
What sex is it more common in? |
|
Definition
AR/AD mutation in UGT Promoter with mild chronic uncongugated bilirubinemia
More common in Men |
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|
Term
What is Dubin Johnson Syndrome
What is the pathology
How is Rotor Syndrome different? |
|
Definition
AR mutation in ATP transport of conjugated bilirubin
Black liver mainly zone 3
Rotor: no pigment |
|
|
Term
| Cause of physiological jaundice |
|
Definition
Low RBC half-life
Higher Hemoglobin
Low ligandin and UGT
Increased enterohepatic circulation |
|
|
Term
| What zone is early and late cholestasis found in? What pathology is seen in late cholestasis? |
|
Definition
Early: zone 3
Late: zone 1
Late Cholestasis Pathology
Feathery Degeneration: swelling, reticulation
Mallory Hyaline
Fibrosis/Cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| How can you differentiate Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic cholestasis from biopsy? |
|
Definition
Extra hepatic has:
Portal tract edema
Bile duct proliferation
Bile infarct: bile extraversion
Neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| What are the major complications of Liver Failure |
|
Definition
Encephalopathy: ends in coma
Hepatorenal Syndrome: Renal Hypoperfusion
Coagulation Defects
Hypoalbuminemia
Feminization from decreased estrogen breakdown
Splenomegaly->Pancytopenia |
|
|
Term
| Where does most heme production come from? |
|
Definition
Senescent RBCs
Minority from Heme-containing Proteins |
|
|
Term
| How is bilirubin transported into the hepatocyte? |
|
Definition
| Carrier mediated transport by Ligandin (glutithione-s-transferase) |
|
|
Term
What conditions cause large and medium interlobular bile duct obstruction?
What conditions can obstruct the Bile canaliculi?
What disease primarily affects the portal tract bile ducts |
|
Definition
Interlobular ducts
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Parasites
Cholangiocarcinoma
Portal Tract
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Bile Canuliculi
Pregnancy
Drugs
Hepatic injury(Anything causing cirrhosis) |
|
|
Term
| What are the major mechanisms of unpredictable Hepatotoxin injury? |
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity
Metabolic Abberation |
|
|
Term
| When does inflammation in the liver indicate pathology? |
|
Definition
| When it passes the limiting plate |
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