Term
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Definition
| Abnormal bolus transfer; difficulty initiating swallow (eg. stroke) |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal bolus transport through esophagus (eg. achalasia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Dec compliance of cricopharyngeus; anatomic abnormality |
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Term
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Definition
| Weak pharyngeal contraction; incoordination of UES and pharyngeal contraction; neurologic abnormality |
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Term
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Definition
| weak pharyngeal contraction; muscular abnormality |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of inhibitory motor neurons to smooth muscle sphinctors
Dx - 1) impaired relaxation of LES 2) poor/absent peristalsis in body of esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibitory junciton potentials (IJP) are mediated by nitric oxide (NO) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) release from motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Excitatory junction potentials (EJP) are mediated by Substance P or Acetylcholine (ACh) release from motor neurons |
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Term
| Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction |
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Definition
Myopathic (hypoactive musculature) - familial types I, II, III; collagen diseases; amyloidosis
Neuropathic (hyperactive musculature) - Hirschsprung's Disease, Chagas Disease, paraneoplastic syndrome, idiopathic forms |
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Term
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Definition
Mutation in glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and endothelin-3 (Et-3); absence of enteric neurons in distal gut
GNDF signals through Ret; Et-3 signals through endothelin receptor B
Piebald subtype - mutation in endothelin B receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies attack enteric nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Dopamine receptor antagonist; CNS side effects (mood and movement) |
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Term
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Definition
| Dopamine receptor antagonist; fewer side-effects than Reglan; NOT FDA approved |
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Term
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Definition
| Motilin receptor agonist; prone to tachyphylaxis (stops working over time) |
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Term
| Seratonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes |
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Definition
| %-HT3 and 5-HT4 are popular targets for drug development; unacceptable SE observed in first gen of FDA approved meds |
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Term
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Definition
| Chloride channel activator; promotes fluid influx into gut lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| FDA approved in 2012 for chronic constipation and IBS-C; guanylate 2C agonist; also dec pain |
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