Term
2 classes of agents that inhibits acid secretion. Give example.
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Definition
1. Atropine - anti-muscarinic (M1/M3) receptor --> reduces acetylcholine which stimulates gastrin production.
2. Histamine blockers - blocks binding to H2 receptors --> parietal cells can still respond to signals from acetylcholine
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Term
| 6 classes of agents used to treat ulcers. |
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Definition
oAntacids are substances which neutralize gastric (hydrochloric) acid
oMucosal protectants coat the mucosa and may have an inhibitory effect on H. pylori
oHistaminic antagonists (H2 blockers) block basal and stimulated release of gastric acid
oK+/H+-ATPase inhibitors (proton pump inhibitors) block parietal HCl production
oProstaglandin analogs are used to prevent NSAID-induced GI damage
Antibiotics are used to eliminate H. pylori (recurrent ulcers) |
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Term
| Give 2 types of antacids that you must avoid and why. |
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Definition
1. Sodium bicarbonate antacids - can cause hypernatremia, systemic alkalosis, belching and feedback stimulation of gastric acid secretion due to CO2 formation.
2. Calcium salt antacid - can cause calcium-induced feedback stimulation of gastric acid secretion. |
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Term
| H+/K+-ATPase is activated by _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The optimal antacid therefore is a mixture of magnesium and aluminum oxides or silicates.
They will neutralize HCl, form a gel-like structure which
absorbs pepsin, and will not interfere with GI motility.
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Term
| Which type of antacid causes constipation? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 examples of aluminum + magnesium hydroxides |
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Definition
Riopan
Gelusil
Kudrox
Maalox liquid
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Term
| 3 Antacids with high calcium carbonate content |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ and ____ are the major prostaglandins synthesized by the gastric mucosa |
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Definition
Prostaglandin E2;
Prostacyclin I2
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Term
____is a synthetic prostaglandin (an analogue of PGE1) which is solely used to prevent or counteract the inhibition of prostaglandin formation which is associated with the therapeutic use of NSAIDs.
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Definition
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Term
| 4 functions of misoprostol (PGE2) |
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Definition
- increases gastric blood flow (vasodilation)
- increases mucus and bicarbonate secretion
- inhibits gastric acid production.
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Term
| Why should pregnant women not take misoprostol? |
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Definition
| Abortive action - It causes contractions of the uterus |
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Term
| What is use and ADR of misoprotol |
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Definition
is a synthetic prostaglandin (an analogue of PGE1) which is solely used to prevent or counteract the inhibition of prostaglandin formation which is associated with the therapeutic use of NSAIDs.
ADR:
ØIt induces painful abdominal cramps and diarrhea
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Term
| MOA of bismuth salts (mucosal protectant) |
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Definition
Bismuth salts (e.g., colloidal bismuth subcitrate) have
two main mechanisms of action:
a.) formation of mucosal protectant and
b.) inhibition of growth of H. pylori.
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Term
____, the oldest H2 blocker, is an inhibitor of
cytochrome P-450.
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Definition
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Term
| 2 main ADR of cimetidine (Tagamet) |
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Definition
- It can induce gynecomastia(partly due to inhibition of estrogen metabolism).
- Cimetidine inhibits metabolism of several drugs which are metabolized by hepatic P-450s
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Term
Among patients with decompensated cirrhosis, ___ increase rate of serious infection.
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Definition
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Term
| What is the half-life of misoprostol? What is the ? |
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Definition
30 minutes;
duration = 3 hours
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