Thin boundary that separates crust and mantle

Named for scientist

Shortened to Moho 

Like egg membrane

Mantle under crust

 From crust to 700 Km into mantle

Same composition

Different physical properties

 Crust and upper mantle

Where the Earth's surface is seen

Same composition

Same physical properites

Where all the water is found

Primary and Secondary waves

Can't feel them

Rayleigh waves - move up and down

Love waves - move side to side

S waves - secondary transverse movements (side to side) ...  travels through solid, not liquid 

P waves - primary longitudinal movements (fastest) ...   moves through solid, liquid, gas

L waves - surface waves, love waves (slowest), ...  moves like ocean waves

L do the most damage

Above the focus

Opening in the fault on earth's surface

Area where the earthquake is born

Where earthquake gives off

seismic waves

Measures strength of seismic wave

How high the waves move the seismogram

Fracture in which sides have moved in relation with each other

Caused by forces within the earth:

compression, tension, sheering

Sides of faults move.......causes earthquake

Normal = tension: foot wall above hang wall

Reverse = compression: foot wall below hang wall

Lateral = sheering: foot wall even with hang wall (sliding past)

One land mass

280 million years ago

Theory proposed by Alfred Wagener

(German)

One land mass split 

Land masses like puzzle pieces

Fossil evidence 

1300 Km thick

Same density of iron/nickel as outer core but behaves like a solid

Hottest place, won't melt due to pressure

Like the inner yolk of egg

2,100 Km thick

Contains hot liquid iron and nickel

2,900 Km thick

 Rocky layer that contains iron, magnesium, and silicon

Behaves like plastic 

Like egg white/embryonic fluid

Outermost layer

10 - 65 Km thick 

Rocks, soil, continents, and ocean are in this layer

Oxygen-most abundant element

Like egg shell

Theory proved in 1950-60

Oldest ocean floor is near the continents

Youngest is in the center of the Ocean Ridge

Theory about plates' movement

Plates splitting causes Rift Valleys

Plates moving towards each other forms mountains, trenches, deep earthquakes

24 plates

7 - 9 major plates

Measures the amount of energy released by earthquake (1-10)

Powers of 10

(2 on Richter scale 10x more powerful than 1)

6 or higher - much destruction

Ability for solid to flow

and change shape

Fossil Evidence

Plant with large seeds that could not be transported by wind or water

Opinions about Wagener's

Continental Drift Theory

 Rejected until 1950

1. People thought mantle was solid

2.  People couldn't think of what would have power to push continents apart

Eurasian Plate         Pacific Plate

Antarctic Plate         African Plate

North American Plate

South American Plate

Australian Plate

Push plates apart

or

Pull plates down

at boundaries

Plates divide or move apart

Called a rift valley

Rift valleys in ocean or on land

Plates come together or collide