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| inorganic, naturally occurring substance that has a characteristic chemical composition, distinctive physical properties and crystalline structure. |
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| an orderly 3 dimensional arrangement of atoms or molecules . Materials with crystalline structure form crystals. |
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just like pyrite, only not as heavy
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just like chalcopyrite, only heavier
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very soft, think pencil lead
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| straight "hairline" grooves on the cleavage surfaces of some smooth minerals |
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| form when magma or lava cool to a solid form, either glass or masses of tightly intergrown mineral crystals. The crystals are large if they had a long time to grow in a slowly cooling magma, and they are small if they formed quickly in a rapid cooling lava. |
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| form mostly when mineral crystals and clasts (broken pieces, fragments) of plants, animals, mineral crystals or rocks are compressed or naturally cemented together. They also form when mineral crystals precipitate from water to form a rocky mass such as rock salt or cave stalactites. |
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| rocks deformed or changed from one form to another (transformed) by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids. This causes the rock to recrystallize, fracture, change color and/or flow. As the rock flows, the flat layers are folded and the mineral crystals are aligned like parallel needles or scales. |
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| grains generally <1 mm and too small to identify without using a hand lens |
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| grains generally >1 mm and large enough to identify with your unaided eye |
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| oriented or lined up into patterns and/or layers that cause the rock to break or reflect light in s specific direction. |
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| crystals in the rock are all the same size |
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| the hardening of sediment-masses of loose earth materials such as pebbles, gravel, silt, sand, mud, shells, plant fragments and products of chemical decay (rust, clay). |
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| produces crystals that collect in aggregates, such as the rock salt that remains when water evaporates |
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| most sedimentary rocks are layered with this texture. Meaning, they are made of grains called clasts which are fragments of rocks, mineral crystals, shells and plants that are usually rounded into pebbles, gravel, sand and mud. |
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| a body of magma that pushes its way into the earth's crust; will eventually cool to form a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock |
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| when lava erupts onto the earth's surface at volcanoes and cool to form this fine-grained texture |
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| igneous rocks that are so fine grained that you cannot see them without a hand lens |
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| igneous rocks with visible crystals that can be seen with the naked eye |
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| igneous rocks with crystals that are greater than 1 cm |
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| igneous rocks with two distinct sizes of crystals; generally indicate that a body of magma cooled slowly at first and then more rapidly later on |
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| igneous rocks whos texture is formed when gas bubbles get trapped in the cooling lava; resembles a sponge |
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| light colored igneous rocks |
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| dark colored igneous rocks |
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