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geology lab final
geology lab final exam review
65
Accounting
11/29/2010

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Cards

Term
The _________ of a river is the volume of flow that passes a specific location in a given period of time.
Definition
Discharge


Term
The ________ of a river is the height of the water (in feet) above a local base height.
Definition
Stage


Term
Flood frequency is the average time interval between __________.
Definition
Te occurrence of two similar floods with the same water level


Term
T= ______
Definition
(n+1)/m


Term
T,N,M=
Definition
T = Time
N = Years Recorded
M = Rank


Term
___________ of earth materials can take place at highly variable rates.
Definition
Downslope movement


Term
Landslides are more common on __________ slopes.
Definition
Steeper


Term
__________ deposits ill move downslope more easily than bedrock.
Definition
Unconsolidated


Term
Landslides are generally more frequent in areas of seasonally ________ rainfall.
Definition
High


Term
The most common types of slope movement are ___________________.
Definition
falls, slides, and flows


Term
1st major type of volcano that is typically present in the united states
Definition
basaltic shield


Term
2nd major type of volcano that typically presents hazards in he united states
Definition
composite


Term
What is another name for composite volcanoes?
Definition
stratovolcanoes


Term
________ volcanoes are relatively flat.
Definition
Shield


Term
________ volcanoes are often conical.
Definition
composite


Term
Most magmas are composed primarily of ___________.
Definition
Silica


Term
________ are the most devastating type of volcanic eruption
Definition
Pyroclastic flows


Term
________ is a measure of how easily a substance flows.
Definition
Viscosity


Term
A _____ viscosity substance will be very fluid, like water.
Definition
low


Term
A ______ viscosity substance will be very thick, like molasses or honey.
Definition
high


Term
_______ volcanoes can be hazardous.
Definition
Dormant


Term
______ can be triggered on steep slopes by earthquakes or rocks that have been weakened by chemical actions.
Definition
Landslides and rockfall


Term
_______ form from eruption onto snow and ice or into rivers.
Definition
lahars


Term
______ are an explosive ejection of rock fragments from the side of the volcano.
Definition
Lateral blasts


Term
The most recent eruption of Mt St Helens occurred on ______.
Definition
May 18, 1980


Term
Mt St Helens has been active over the past _______ years.
Definition
4000


Term
A ______ occurs when bodies of water flow over land that is not usually submerged.
Definition
flood


Term
_______ occur when the water height passes an arbitrary level
Definition
River floods


Term
Floods are ________ of rivers.
Definition
natural characteristics


Term
The ______ of a stream the volume of flow that passes a specific location in a given period of time.
Definition
discharge


Term
Where flood records are available, computations of _____ are based on peak annual floods.
Definition
flood frequency


Term
About ___ percent of the US population lives within 50 miles of a coast.
Definition
80%


Term
____ of the 50 states in the US are considered coastal states.
Definition
30


Term
_____ are highly energetic zones.
Definition
Coasts


Term
Natural and human activities impact both _________.
Definition
water and land processes


Term
Waves and currents, storms, landslides are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
erosion


Term
Climate change, stream course changes, and source depletion are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
sediment reduction


Term
land subsidence and sea-level rise are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
submergence


Term
herbivory, freezes, fires, and saltwater intrusion are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
wetland deterioration


Term
Erosion, Sediment reduction, submergence, and wetland deterioration are examples of __________.
Definition
Natural processes


Term
Boat wakes,sediment deprivation, and coastal structures are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
Transportation Coastal Construction


Term
Control and diversion (dams, levees) are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
River modification


Term
Water, oil, gas, and sulfur are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
fluid extraction


Term
Global warming, ocean expansion, and increased frequency of storms are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
climate alteration


Term
Dredging (canals) and mineral extraction are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
Excavation


Term
Pollutant discharge, traffic, and burning are examples of the agent of ________.
Definition
Wetland destruction


Term
Transportation Coastal Construction, River Modification, Fluid extraction, Climate alteration, Excavation, and Wetland Destruction are examples of ________.
Definition
Human activities


Term
The most common types of slope movement are _________.
Definition
Falls


Term
The term ______ remains a widely used nontechnical term for the most perceptible forms of downslope movement even though some by definition involve little or no sliding.
Definition
landslide


Term
________ of earth materials is taking place continuously at rates that vary from the very slow creep of soil and rock to the extremely rapid rockfalls and avalanches.
Definition
Downslope movement


Term
Landslides occur when the pull of gravity on earth materials overcomes their ________ to downslope movement
Definition
frictional resistance


Term
_______ will move downslope more easily than bedrock
Definition
Unconsolidated deposits


Term
Landslides are more common on _______ slopes.
Definition
steeper


Term
Landslides are generally more frequent in areas of ___________.
Definition
seasonally high rainfall


Term
_______ makes the resulting slopes particularly susceptible to landsliding.
Definition
Rapid undercutting and downcutting along streams and shorelines


Term
__________ can make areas less susceptible to landslides.
Definition
Vegetation with deep roots


Term
________ is the sinking of the land surface.
Definition
Subsidence


Term
Subsidence is a hazard commonly associated with __________.
Definition
Resource extraction


Term
A well known example of subsidence is ________.
Definition
Sinkholes


Term
With _______ need for the resources extracted from eh subsurface and ________ human use of the surface, the problem of land subsidence can be expected to ________.
Definition
increased, increased, increase


Term
Downslope movement of earth materials can take place at ___________ rates
Definition
highly variable


Term
landslides are more common on _________________ slopes
Definition
steeper


Term
__________________deposits will move downslope more easily than bedrock
Definition
unconsolidated


Term
Landslides are generally more frequent in areas of seasonally______________ rainfall.
Definition
high


Term
The _____ types of slope movement are falls,slides, and flows
Definition
most common