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Geology Flash Cards
N/A
25
Science
9th Grade
05/15/2009

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Cards

Term
Cinder Cone Volcano
Definition

-Cones of Cinders

-2,500 ft. high

-Common in CA or OR

-Produces smoke and cinders

Term
Composite Volcanoes
Definition

-Alternate layers

- Up to22,000 ft.

-Common around pacific slope

Term
Shield Volcanoes
Definition

-Very gentle slopes

-Formes Lava w/ low viscosity

-13,680 ft. above sea level

-16,400 ft. above sea floor

-Total=30,080 ft. high!!!

-"LOL"=Lots of lava

Term
Aa' Volcanoes
Definition

-"Stony Rough"

-High viscosity

-1,800 ft. high

-Moves slowly (lava)

-Cool slowly (lava)

Term

Pahoehoe Volcanoes

(ropey volcanoes)

Definition

-Smooth and "un-broken"

-Low viscosity

-2,100 + ft.

-Moves xtremly fast

-Cools (lava) sloppily

Term
Felsic Lava
Definition

-Magmarich in feldspar and silica

-Lightly colored

-Usually produces thick, viscous lava (Aa')

Term
Mafic Lava
Definition

-Magma rich in magnesium and iron

-Dark colored

-Usually produces thin, runny lava (pahoehoe)

 

Term
Volcanic Debris
Definition

-Ash

-Smoke and steam

-Airborne lava

-Flowing lava

Term
Divergent Boundary
Definition

Boundary between tectonic plates

that are moving away from

eachother.

Term
Convergent Boundary
Definition

The boundary between tectonic

plates that are cooleding.

Term
Transform Boundary
Definition

The boundary between tectonic

plates that are sliding past

eachother horziontally.

Term

Inner core

(of Earth)

Definition

-800 miles thick

-36,000 miles below surface

-9,000* f.

-Pressure=3,000,000(surface pressure)

-Solid: Ni-Fe alloy(nickle and iron mixed)

Term

Outher Core

(of Earth)

Definition

-1,400 miles thick

-1,800 miles below surface

-Ni-Fe

-Less pressure than inner core

-4,000-9,000*f

-Liquid

Term
Lithosphere
Definition

The solid, outher layer of Earth that

consists of the crust and the rigid

upper part of the mantle.

Term
Asthenosphere
Definition

Solid, plastic layer of the mantel beneth

the lithosphere; made of mantel rock that

flows very slowly, which allows tectonic

plates to move on top of it.

Term
Crust
Definition

The "crust" (outer layer we live on)

of the Earth.

Term

Mantle

 

Definition
Composed of iron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. At over 1,000 degrees C, the mantle is solid but can deform slowly in a plastic manner.
Term
P-Waves
Definition

-Primary waves

-Move parallel

-Fastest seismic waves

-Travels through: solids, liquids, and gases

Term
S-Waves
Definition

-Secondary wave

-Side-to-side

-Only travel through solids

-Second fastest seismic waves

-4s's(secondary,side,solids,seismic)

Term
BODY
Definition
A seismic wave that travels through an object
Term
SURFACE
Definition
A wave that travels on the surface of an object
Term
Raleigh Waves
Definition

-Moves through surface in rolls

(rolling=rayleigh)

Term
Love Waves
Definition

-Moves through the surface back and

forth in a swaying motion

Term
Where do earthquakes occur? Why?
Definition

 Usually on fault lines

 Because that is where the plates

meet and push together.

Term
How are earth quakes detected and measured?
Definition

Measured on Richter and Mercalli Scale

(usually richter)

Seismografic sensors in the ground

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