Term
| Metamorphic foliation is caused by what pressure conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What agent of erosion has the most selective (narrowest range) in particles that can be moved? |
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Definition
Wind
(ICE is lest selective) |
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Term
| Which sedimentary rock(s) are most abundant? |
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Definition
| siltstone, mudstone and shale |
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Term
| A metamorphic rock is a rock whose minerology, texture or compostion (or all 3) has changed due to what three factors? |
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Definition
| temperature, pressure, fluid |
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Term
| How is the metamorphic grade of a rock determined? |
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Definition
| by identifying the index minerals |
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Term
| What is the general process by which rocks are broken down at the Earth's surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified on the basis of their grain size. Which of the following lists is written in order of increasing (smallest to largest) particle size? |
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Definition
| Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate |
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Term
| What type of metamorphism is primarily associated with magmatic (igneous) intrusions into colder rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a general pressure in all directions, such as the pressure exerted by water on a person submerged in a swimming pool? |
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Definition
| confining (static) pressure |
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Term
| In a soil profile, organic matter is found......? |
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Definition
| primarily in the B horizon |
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Term
| Explain the difference between weathering and erosion. |
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Definition
| Weathering is the deteriation of rock/mineral from climate processes such as water (acid rain) and chemical processes. Erosion happens over time by things like exfoliation. |
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Term
| Which of the following facrots would increase the chemical weathering rate? |
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Definition
Increasing rainfall
(not decreasing organic activity or decreasing temp) |
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Term
| The parallel alignment of mica in a metamorphic rock is an example of......? |
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Definition
foliation
(not bedding, measomatism, porphyroblasts) |
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Term
| Relate how grain size, grain shape and sorting change with increase length of transport along a river system. |
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Definition
| longer transport, rocks are more rounded, smaller grain size, more sorted. |
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Term
| Process to change sediment into sedimentary rock? |
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Definition
Diagenesis- the chemical and physical changes that transform sediment inot rock.
(as sediments accumulate, older layers become buried from compaction and heat). |
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Term
| Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
| comprised of the remains of organisms (plants and animals), classified by composition, LIMESTONE |
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Term
| Chemical Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
| composed of rocks precipitated out of solution (like salt from evaporating sewater), looks crystalline (but crystals may be very small), classified by composition (minerals) |
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Term
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Definition
Parallel layers of sediments
Grand canyon |
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Term
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Definition
| sets of bedded sediments at an angle to horizontal, deposited by currents of wind or water (dunes). |
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Term
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Definition
| beds progress from coarse grains at bottom to fine grains at top of bed, indicates waning of current (flood) |
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Term
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Definition
| wavy lines fromed on top of a bed of sand or silt by waves or currents, smaller scale than larger cross-beds, can be preserved in rocks, common on shorelines, ripples can symmetrical (ocean, beach) or asymmetrical (sand dunes) |
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Term
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Definition
| polygonal pattern of cracks that develop in mud as it dries, mudflats (exposure to wet then dry) |
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Term
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Definition
| burrow marsk left in sediments by animals |
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Term
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Definition
| compaction- pore space volume is reduced due to weight of overlying sediment OR cementation- chemically precipitated minerals in pore spaces (acts as a glue by binding the materials together). COMMON CEMENTS: calcite, silica, hematite |
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Term
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Definition
| Rock whose minerology, texture, and composition has changed due to increased tempt, pressures, or moving fluids. |
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Term
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Definition
| if metamorhic rock is buried deep enough, can undergo plastic deformation |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of atoms due to thermal energy (heat)- forming new minerals: crystals can grow larger or change shapes |
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Term
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Definition
| general pressure applied equally in all directions |
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Term
| directed pressure (differential stress) |
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Definition
| greater in one direction (converging plates)- results in foliation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Radiometric age datins is LEAST useful for dating_______ rocks. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following sets of processes is written in order of increasing temperature? |
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Definition
| sedimentation, diagenesis, metamorphism |
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Term
| when did fossils of complex organisms (such as shells) first become abundant inthe geologic record? |
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Definition
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Term
| radiometric dating is possible if a rock contains a measurable amount of ________? |
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Definition
| Both daughter and parent atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical weathering process in which minerals are altered by chemically recting with water and acids |
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