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Details Title: Geo test 3 Description: test Total Flash Cards: 260 Created: 03/19/2007 21:09:12	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term is it reasonable to say that mass wasting takes place before weathering Definition N Term unweathered material cannot partake in mass wasting Definition F Term Thick soils are an indication of Definition fast weathering Term pure limestone Definition produces only suluble salts Term granite weathers slower in the tropics Definition F Term which tombstone would last the shortest? Definition slate Term the fastest weathering takes place when it is Definition hot and wet Term as weathering and soil thickness develop over time Definition both processes tend to increase Term plants contribute to Definition both processes Term vegetation density is a factor in weathering rates Definition T Term granite has a smaller solubility than limestone Definition T Term the loss of inscriptions over time on gravestones is from physical weathering Definition F Term soil formation tends to Definition speed up... once some soil is established in a particular area Term soils are formed dominatly by chemical weathering Definition T Term dry deserts have faster weathing than temperate damp locations Definition F Term the weatering product of feldspar is Definition kaolinite.potassium ions. kaolinite and silica Term rock rind is something that has to be removed before weathering can start Definition F Term the greater the number of fractures in a rock, the Definition faster the rate of weathering Term warm dry deserts have faster weathering than cold dry locations Definition F Term the acid part of carbonic acid is Definition the hydrogen ion Term when we talk of acid rain as a problem we refer to nitric and or sulfuric acid Definition T Term when global weathering suddenly increases the resultant effect on atmosphereic carbon dioxide is a Definition lowering Term if you chop a cube in half in three directions you raise surface area by Definition x2 Term microorganisms in the soil tend to make the soil somewhat Definition acid Term all rain is slightly acid Definition T Term the breakdown of feldspar to kaolinite and other salts is called Definition hydrolysis Term carbon dioxide ranks in atmosphere abundance as Definition 4 Term is it possible that rainwater can actually increase in acidity as it percolates downward Definition T Term in general high temperature silicates tend to weather Definition faster Term calcite and halite solubility is Definition high Term clay is an ultimate weathering product that do not breakdown any further Definition T Term gibbsite and hematite are Definition silicates Term the red color of monument valley rocks would suggest that their past has involved Definition oxidation Term all silicates form clay minerals Definition F Term the oxidized state of Fe is Definition ferric Term halite would undergo Definition dissolution Term the type of iron in a red bed is Definition ferric Term limestone would have a higher weathering rate than basalt Definition T Term quartz has a lower solubility than most other minerals Definition T Term sets of joints in rocks are Definition caused by stresses while they were buried Term in general, an igneous rock with high temp. minerals will tend to weather faster than one with low tem. minerals Definition T Term a tree root is not considered part of a weathering processs Definition F Term amphiboles are more prone to weathering than pyroxenes Definition F Term forst wedging cannot break large rocks Definition F Term when water freezes, it expands by Definition 9% Term exfoliation produces sets of joints parallel to the rock surface Definition T Term a crystallizing salt crystal is too feeble to partake in mechanical weathering Definition F Term joint enlargement through spheroidal weathering is a Definition mechanical process Term the topmost soil horizon is the Definition O Term alfisols and entisols are differentiated Definition by soil profile Term salt depletion takes place in the horizon lettered as Definition A Term salt addition and soil clogging takes place in the horizon lettered as Definition B Term remnants of resh rock are found in the horizon lettered as Definition C Term the most important part of the soil to a gardener would be the humus Definition T Term to a geologist, the humus is the soil Definition F Term the soil of an engineer and the soil of a geologist are different Definition T Term the dust of the mon should be called soil rather than regolith Definition F Term the prime influence in all mass movement is Definition gravity Term was rainfall a factor in the laguna beach 2005 slides Definition Y Term THE DEATHS ON THE FLANKS OF CASITA VOLCANO WERE ASSOCIATED WITH Definition hurricane Term the angle of repose is the Definition angle of slip plane in a traslational landslide Term moist sand has a higher angle of repose than dry sand Definition T Term wet sand has a higher angle of repose than dry sand Definition F Term volcanic cinder cone slopes tend to be at the angle of repose Definition T Term surface tension strengthens soil the best when soil is Definition damp Term surface tension pushes grains of sand apart Definition F Term drying a hillside can Definition reduce risk for landslides Term stronger rocks tend to fragment in Definition larger fragments than weaker rocks Term liquefaction at turnagain heights took place at Definition the subsurface Term liquefaction results from Definition raised hydrostatic pressure Term rocks are Definition more stable when lithostatic pressure is higher than hydro pressure Term liquefaction involves a layer of sediment Definition becoming more compacted during an earthquake Term creep is found primarily in Definition unconsolidated rocks Term earthflows are Definition dryer than debris flows Term joints are often a factor in rock falls Definition T Term a rock fall is considered to take place in consolidated rocks Definition T Term failure of an exfoliated slab of granite would be considered Definition rockslide Term rock avalanches are usually dry phenomena Definition T Term the book considered slumps as phenomena in Definition unconsolidated rocks Term it is safer to build on slopes where the bedding dip parallels the slope of the hillside than on slopes where the dip is 90 degrees in the opposite direction Definition F Term fenceposts lean uphill due to creep Definition T Term the outward force is greater on the base of a cliff than the top of the cliff during a rotational failure Definition T Term a rotational landslide is a slump Definition T Term the gros ventre slide was translated along bedding Definition T Term slip planes in rock slides can be joints, faults, bedding or foliation Definition T Term the velocity of the huascaran debris avalance exceeded 400 km.hr Definition F Term angular debis at the foot of a slope is called talus Definition T Term the viaont dam disaster was caued by Definition all of the above Term rock avalances sometimes have high pressure air lubrication Definition T Term between 1950 and 1990 US water use Definition much more than tripled Term between 1950 and 1990 US per capita water use Definition decreased Term the dominant currently useable freshwater source is Definition lakes Term the dominant currently useable freshwater source is Definition lakes Term there is Definition more than 1 billion cu km of water in the oceans Term world runoff in cu km.year is Definition 36000 Term runoff consists of about Definition less than 10% of the hydrologic cycle throughput Term sublimation is associated with Definition ice Term there is more water in the biosphere than in the atmosphere Definition F Term the amount of water returning to the sea every year, when combined with teh evapotranspiration from land, always equals the precipitation onto the land Definition F Term the rain shadow is the area underneath the largest clouds Definition F Term reservoir extraction for agricultural use is Definition 43% Term when air sinks it Definition warms Term the sahara is Definition expanding Term the highest precipitation in the west is Definition western washington Term california has lost Definition 90% of its wetlands Term since 2000, government and courts have tended to Definition increase Term porosity is defined only as the amount of space between grains Definition F Term would a cave in limestone count toward vuggy porosity Definition Y Term vadose zones contain air Definition T Term the water table sits at the top of the Definition saturated zone Term clay would be considered an aquiclude Definition T Term a stream that flows well into the dry season is probably Definition effluent Term a stream that recharges the groundwater is Definition influent Term an aquiclude Definition always overlies a confined aquifer Term confined aqufers can be more easily polluted by non-point source pollution than unconfined aquifers Definition F Term a confined aquifer is one that water cannot enter Definition F Term artesian flows are normally found in Definition confined aquifers Term perched water tables can be surrounded by unsaturated rocks Definition T Term a cone of depression results from Definition well pumping Term groundwater withdrawal can result in ground subsidence Definition T Term salt water floats on top of fresh water in coastal areas Definition F Term if sea level rises, so will sea water intrusion Definition F Term K in the darcy formula is Definition permeability Term water flow is as much influenced by permeability as hydraulic gradient Definition F Term the famous french hydrologist was Definition darcy Term typical ground water flows in gravel at Definition 15 cm.day Term irrigation withdrawals from groundwater were at an alltime high in the 1990s Definition F Term the great aquifer being depleted in texas is the Definition ogallala Term in california groundwater supplies are Definition significantly depleted Term groundwater cannot erode rock Definition F Term stalactites are on teh Definition roof Term karst terrain is Definition lacking surface water Term which is associated with industrial cleaners Definition TCE Term which is associated with blue baby syndrome Definition nitrate Term if water contains 150 ppm dissolved material, it would be considered to be of good quality Definition T Term meteoric water comes from meteors Definition F Term hard water by definition tastes bad Definition F Term there is no useful fresh water in the rocks at 8 km depth Definition T Term rivers annually carry 16 billion tons of Definition solid material Term human activity has resulted in river sediment loads Definition nearly doubling Term river valleys are those portions of the floodplain that are sometimes wet with river flow Definition F Term evidence of meandering stream challens are seen on other planetsq Definition T Term meanders are found in the flatter lower parts of rivers rather than headwaters Definition T Term point bars are locatied on the Definition inside of river bends Term an incised meander Definition still lies ona flood plain Term to have an oxbow lake you must have a cutoff Definition T Term floodplains define all of the sides of a river valley Definition F Term braided streams suggest Definition the channel is saturated in sediment Term the mississippi was shortened by the corps of engineers Definition T Term the natural levees are higher than the natural floodplain Definition T Term so called natural levees are the ones constructed by native americans Definition F Term natural levees develop as flood water slow down as they spill from a channel Definition T Term the next highest flood disaster to katrina was Definition around st. louis Term divides separate drainage basins Definition T Term a stream system developed in unjonted, uniform rock is likely to be Definition dendritic Term in the appalachian fold belt you get Definition dendritic Term from our discussion of san luis creek at the irish hills, would you describe the river as being Definition superposed Term from our discussion of the colorad at the grand canyon, would you describe the river as being antecendent Definition T Term can a drainage basin also be called a watershed Definition Y Term headward erosion makes a river Definition longer Term to get a pothole you must have turbulent flow Definition F Term river flow is mainly Definition turbulent Term flowing water can sometimes show laminar flow Definition T Term muddy water is Definition more viscous Term colder water is Definition more viscous Term suspended load slides rather than rolls along the stream bed Definition F Term the amount of sediment a river can carry is the Definition capacity Term it can take a higher flow velocity to erode a clay than to erode a sand Definition T Term sediments will be eroded from a bed at a lower flow velocity than the velocity at which the sediment was first deposited on the bed Definition F Term clays have a Definition high electric charge to mass ratio compared to sands Term dunes are essentially large ripples Definition T Term ripples move Definition faster than dunes Term when river velocity increase to high levels Definition dune sizes increase and then get smoothed out to a flat bed Term the mississippi delta contains many Definition distributaries of the mississippi Term the most seaward part of a delta is composed of Definition bottomset beds Term over time, an individual sediment grain within a delta tends to Definition fall in elevation relative to sea level Term discharge refers to Definition water flow rate Term to measure discharge you only need to know whater velocity and not the depth of the river Definition F Term the 10 year flood doesnt happeen every 10 years Definition T Term the 20 year storm has a Definition 20% chance of happening each year Term the longitudinal profile Definition lies above base level Term a river is described as graded when it is Definition eroding downstream Term a river Definition cannot cut below base level Term river bed slopes are greatest Definition closest to the base level location Term if a river ponds behind a dam, and the water flows over the dam, the effect on the river bottom below the dam and downstream of the immediate point of impact of the water is to Definition erode Term alluvial fans are associated with a fast decelleration in water velocity Definition T Term headward erosion takes place due to faster water velocities at the head Definition T Term terraces are remnants of abandoned longitudinal profiles Definition F Term the river that gave its name to deltas is Definition Nile Term the platte river appears to be a graded stream Definition T Term if base level changes, a change in the river bed Definition works its way upstream Term the fist scientific oceanographic expendition was Definition british Term the number of oceans is Definition 5 Term ocean salinity and composition throughout the world ocean is Definition about the same Term the oldest sea floor is about Definition 180 ma Term a typical locally generated ocean wave is smaller in wave length than a swell Definition T Term wave height for a wave is twice the wave height that would be defined by a physicist Definition T Term the time period between successive waves is called the wavelength Definition F Term swells travel further than most waves Definition T Term all waves move at the same velocity in the open ocean Definition F Term water motion for molecules in a wave is Definition forward on the crest Term wave base is Definition 50% Term in the deep ocean water is transported in a current in the direction of wave motion Definition F Term wave refraction takes place when one part of a wave is in shallower water than another part Definition T Term in the surf zone waves actually transport water molecules toward the beach Definition T Term backwash is the opposite of forewash Definition F Term waves focus on Definition headlands Term longshore drift refers to Definition sand movement Term longshore currents are strongest when the waves and wind come straight into the beach at right angles Definition T Term the moon's tidal force is weakest for the planet under one of the two high tide locations Definition F Term the sun gives a weaker tide than the moon Definition T Term water physically moves onto the beach face when waves break, piling up head that drives currents Definition T Term spring tides occur Definition twice monthly Term neap tides occur Definition twice monthly Term tidal heights are highly variable around the world Definition T Term tidal surges are caused by Definition storms Term the daily high tide is called a tidal surge Definition F Term