Term
| What are the main concerns with conservation genetics? |
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Definition
- Inbreeding depression
- Outbreeding depression
- Loss of evolutionary potential
- Reduction in gene flow
- Genetic drift overriding natural selection
- Accumulation of deleterious alleles
- Adaptation to captivity
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Term
| Explain the basic tenets of inbreeding depression |
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Definition
Small, iscolated populations have lower genetic variability and higher heterozygosity due to outbreeding.
The population show a decreased evolutionary potential and are expected to suffer more seriously from disease, pests and parasites. |
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Term
CASE STUDY
Inbreeding in captivity |
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Definition
Ralls et al. (1983)
Higher juvenille mortality in 41 of 44 inbred mammal populations.
Juvenille mortality increased by 33% with brother-sister mating. |
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Term
CASE STUDY
Inbreeding grater prarie chicken |
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Definition
Greater prarie chicken from millions to 200.
Reduced fertillity and hatchling ability.
When outcrossed the population greatly recovered. |
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Term
CASE STUDY
Chatnam black island robin (not inbred?) |
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Definition
5 breeding pairs in 1980- now around 200.
Lowest genetic diversity of any bird but not bottleneck- population permanently low. |
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Term
CASE STUDY
Increased fragmentation and reduction in gene flow |
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Definition
| Gold lion tamarin (Atlantic forest, Brazil). Genetic difference of 31% between populations- need increased migration to reduce effects of inbreeding. |
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Term
| What is outbreeding depression? |
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Definition
| can occur through additive effects of alleles that prove beneficial under different environmental conditions or from the break up of co-adapted gene complexes |
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Term
| Why could we care about genetic diversity? |
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Definition
- Rate of evolutionary change in population is proportional to amount of genetic diversity present.
- Loss of genetic diversity= loss of genetic blueprint
- Interpretation of genetic information can help address conservation challenges
- Listed as one of the three global conservation priorities in the convention on biological diversity
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Term
CASE STUDY
Genetic drift overriding natural selection |
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Definition
| Chatnam island black robin shows signs of detrimental overriding genetic drift in MHC genes- only two alleles are present |
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Term
CASE STUDY
How it can help with classification |
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Definition
Sumatra and Borneo orangutans- different species?
Differentiation reached level of separate species
Not significant enough to manage them separately
Interpopulation within Borneo similar to the difference between Borneo and Sumatra. |
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Term
CASE STUDY
Outbreeding depression (Ibex) |
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Definition
Tatra mountain Ibex population killed
Replaced by Austrian Ibex
Turkish Ibex added and the crossing of the species resulted in a subspecies that were killed off by harsh winters |
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