Term
|
Definition
| A base that is found in DNA. Adenine (A) will only bond with Thymine (T) and this pairing forms part of the 'rungs' of DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of a number of possible forms of a gene. Each characteristic has two alleles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Building blocks of proteins - there are 20 different kinds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in plant flowers and carries pollen - the male gamete of plants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reproduction of identical offspring from a single parent. No gametes are involved (e.g. fission, spores). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any chromosomes found in a cell other than the sex chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of four chemicals which make up the 'rungs' of DNA: A, adenine; T, thymine; C, cytosine and G, guanine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The two bases making up each 'rung' of DNA: either A-T or C-G |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The variation in species within an eco-system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The structural and functional unit of all living organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The formation of two or more daughter cells from one original cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thread-like structures bearing genes that are found in the nucleus of a cell. Visible during the prophase of cell division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A distinctive inherited feature of an organism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process that produces identical genetic individuals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A base that is found in DNA. Cytosine (C) will only bond with Guanine (G) and this pairing forms part of the 'rungs' of DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic acid. A molecule found in the nucleus of cells which codes for an individual's genetic makeup. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process whereby DNA makes an exact copy of itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An allele that controls the phenotype regardless of what the other allele is. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term used to describe the structure of DNA; a spiral-ladder shaped molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that act as a biological catalyst in living organisms. They control the rate of reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fusion (joining) of a male and female gamete to form a zygote. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sex cell: Ovum and sperm in animals or ovule and pollen grains in plants. A cell that has to join with another gamete to form a zygote before further development can occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A length of DNA carrying the code for one feature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of how living organisms inherit features from one generation to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The genetic information held in the DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The variation in the genetic code within a species, population, eco-system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The combination of two alleles that an organism has for a particular gene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A base that is found in DNA. Guanine (G) will only bond with Cytosine (C) and this pairing forms part of the 'rungs' of DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having two different alleles for a particular gene; not true breeding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having two identical alleles for a particular gene; breed true when crossed with genetically identical organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The passing on of traits from generation to generation through the genetic code. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Photograph of individual chromosomes of a cell arranged in paris and showing thier number, size and shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The type of cell division which produces sex cells/gametes (sperm and eggs/pollen and ova). In animals it occurs in the ovaries and testes. A process in which a diploid nucleus divides twice to produce four haploid, genetically different nuclei. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The type of cell division which produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more atoms chemically bonded together, e.g. Carbon dioxide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A random change in the genetic code of an individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A molecule containing a sugar-phosphate-base, found in DNA. Nucleotide bases pair to form DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New individuals formed by either asexual or sexual reproduction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual that is able to grow and reproduce, etc. (MRSCGREN) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The female organ that produces female gametes - eggs. Eggs are used in sexual reproduction in both plants and animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chart which shows how genes are inherited. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The characteristics of an organism produced by a particular genotype. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules that contain amino acids. They are found in all living organisms. There are many different types and all have important roles in living systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The male gamete of plants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A diagram used to predict the phenotype and genotype ratios of offspring by showing how alleles combine together during fertilisation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organisms homozygous for a trait. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An allele which is only expressed in the offspring if the dominant allele is absent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process that is used to breed for specific required traits. |
|
|
Term
| Semi-conservative replication |
|
Definition
| DNA replication by 'unzipping' a DNA molecule followed by a pairing up of nucleotides to produce two new DNA molecules each with one original and one newly synthesised strand of DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chromosome that determines the sex of the individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form of reproduction involving the fusion of two gametes from two parents. Produces a variation in the offspring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The male organ that produces male gametes - sperm. Sperm are used in sexual reproduction in animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A base that is found in DNA. Thymine (T) will only bond with Adenine (A) and this pairing forms part of the 'rungs' of DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A feature whose appearence is determined by genes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sequence of three nucleotides found on a DNA strand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The differences between individuals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fertilised egg. A single cell containing chromosomes from male and female gametes at the time/point of fertilisation. |
|
|
