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Genetics Vocabulary
M. Amick
13
Science
7th Grade
02/10/2010

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Term
Alleles
Definition
The different forms of a gene. Y and y are different alleles of the gene that determines seed color.
Term
Dominant Trait
Definition
A trait expressed preferentially over another trait.
Term
F1 Generation
Definition
Offspring of a cross between true breeding plants, homozygous for the trait of interest.
Term
F2 Generation
Definition
Offspring of a cross involving the F1 Generation.
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic constitution of an organism with respect to a trait. Yellow seeds are dominant, but yellow seeded plants could have a genotype of either YY or Yy.
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Differing alleles for a trait in an individual, such as Yy.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Both alleles for a trait are the same individual. They can be homozygous dominant(YY), or homozygous recessive(yy).
Term
Hybrid
Definition
Heterozygous; usually reffering to the offspring of two true-breeding (homozygous) individuals differing in the traits of interest.
Term
Monohybrid Cross
Definition
Cross involving parents differing in only one trait.
Term
Mutation
Definition
Change in the DNA sequence of a gene to some new, heritable form. Generally, but now always a recessive allele.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The physical appearance of an organism with respect to a trait.
Term
Recessive Trait
Definition
The opposite of dominant. A trait that is preferentially masked.
Term
Sex-Linked
Definition
A gene coded on a sex chromosome, such as the X-chromosome linked genes of flies and man.
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