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Definition
| Organism with both sex organs (hermaphroditism.) |
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| Chromosome Theory of Inheritance |
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Definition
| Genes are located on chromosomes and seperate during meiosis. |
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Definition
| (Mammals) Females, during meiosis gametes are only X |
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Term
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Definition
| (Mammals) Males, during meisosis gametes are either X or Y |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Homologous regions of chromosomes that allow X and Y to pair. |
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| Sex determination without sex chromomsomes |
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Definition
| Genotype at 1 or more loci determine the sex |
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Term
| Sex determination in Drosphila |
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Definition
Sex is determined by a X:A ratio (X to autosome.)
X:A = 1 - Female
X:A = 0.5 - Male
0.5 < X:A < 1 - Intersex (Fly with a mixture of both male and female characteristics.)
X:A > 1 - Metafemale (Serious developmental problems, may never complete development.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex determining region of Y chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| XO (Persons with Turner syndrome are female in appearance but do not undergo puberty and have poorly developed female secondary sex characteristics, webbed neck; most are sterile but have normal intelligence.) |
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Definition
| XXY (Male in appearance but frequently posses small testes, reduced facial and pubic hair, taller than normal and sterile, normal intelligence.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Females with multiple X chromosomes. (Normal intelligence, taller, sterile.) |
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Term
| Androgen-insensitivity syndrome |
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Definition
| Genotypic male, looks like female, internal testes, no female reproductive organs. Androgen = hormone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not breaking apart of homolgous chromosomes in Anaphase I. |
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Term
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Definition
| Equalize protein production by X linked genes in both sexes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Barr bodies are inactive X chromosomes |
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| Mechanism of random X-inactivation |
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Definition
| 50% of alleles from one x, 50% from the other |
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Definition
| The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotype of individuals homozygous for either allele. (Pink flowers.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The situation in which the phenotype of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in seperate, distinguishable ways (AB bloodtype.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Allelic series, a loci where more than one allele is present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Either expressed or not expressed. % of individuals w/particualr genotype that express expected phenotype. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| AA in achondroplasia is a lethal allele. |
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Term
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Definition
| A gene that codes for multiple characteristics |
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Definition
| Type of gene interaction in which a gene at one locus masks or supresses the effects of a geene at a different locus. |
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Term
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Definition
| People with the Bombay phenotype are homozygous for a recessive mutation (h) that encodes a defective enzyme. The defective enzyme is incapable of making H and, because H is not produced, no ABO antigens are synthesized. Thus, the expression of the alleles at the ABO locus depends on the genotype at the H locus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differential expression of a gene that depends on the sex of the parent that transmitted the gene. If the gene is inherited from the father, its expression differs from that if the gene is inherited from the mother. |
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Term
| Genetic Conflict Hypothesis |
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Definition
| Suggests that genomic imprinting evolved because different and conflicting pressures act on maternal and paternal alleles for genes that affect fetal growth. For example, paternally derived alleles often favor maximum fetal growth, whereas maternally derived alleles favor less that maximum fetal growth because of the high cost of fetal growth to the mother. |
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Term
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Definition
| Long arm of chromosome 15 is deleted. Willi is from father. Short, small hands and feet. Angelman is from mother. Large moth, muscle spasms... |
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Term
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Definition
The presence of methyl groups of the DNA bases (usually cytosine) of plants, animals, and fungi. (The term also refers to the process of adding methyl groups to DNA bases.)
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Term
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Definition
| Allele changes that do not lead to abnormality |
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Term
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Definition
| Single nucleotide polymorphism |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain size 6 loci mutations, language ability is FOXP2 |
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