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Genetic Variation and Change
Demonstrate and understanding of Genetic variation and change
21
Biology
11th Grade
11/13/2012

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Term
Allele
Definition
An alternative form of a gene
Term
Autosome
Definition
A chromosome not concerned with the determination of sex
Term
Crossing over
Definition
Exchange of sections of chromatids of homologous chromosomes in meiosis 1
Term
Diploid
Definition
Having two sets of chromosomes
Term
Dominant
Definition
If present then expressed in the phenotype ALWAYS
Term
Gene
Definition
The fundamental unit of inheritance; a section of DNA coding for a polypeptide
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic information carried by an organism
Term
Haploid
Definition
Having one set of chromosomes
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Having two different alleles of a gene at a given locus
Term
Homologous pair
Definition
Pair of usually identical looking chromosomes one inherited from each parent
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Having two copies of the same allele
Term
Independent assortment
Definition
process in meiosis in which the Segregation of each pair is not affected by the segregation of any other pair
Term
Locus
Definition
The position of a gene on a chromosome
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and behavioural characteristics of an organism
Term
Recessive
Definition
Only expresses in homozygotes
Term
Gene pool
Definition
All the genes in a given population
Term
Allele frequency
Definition
The proportion of an allele in the gene pool out of all the alleles at that locus
Term
Selection
Definition
Process in which certain genotypes make a greater contribution to the gene pool than others
Term
Founder effect
Definition
Change in allele frequency when a small group leaves a parent group taking RANDOM sample of alleles with it
Term
Genetic Bottleneck
Definition
Loss of genetic variation in a population as a result of a extreme decrease in numbers
Term
Genetic drift
Definition
Random changes in allele frequency within very small populations resulting from chance events
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