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*Made of trillion of cells
*Each cell has a nucleus
*Each nucleus has one specific chromosome pair
*Each chromosome has DNA
*DNA is a double helix |
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| an ordered display of chromosomes |
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Definition
| cells with multiple of the normal number of chromosomes. |
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when a euploid cell has more than a the diploid number of chromosomes.
*some liver, bronchial, and epithelial tissues normally. |
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a cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes
1 in 500 live male births
*3 copies of one chromosome- trisomy
1 in 900 live female births |
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| The outward appearance of an individual, which is the result of both genotype and environment. |
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| The composition of genes at a given locus |
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Definition
| when two alleles are identical |
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Definition
| when alleles are not identical |
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Definition
| the allele whose effects are observable |
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| the allele whose effects are hidden |
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Definition
| illustrated the distribution of traits based on homozygous or heterozygous alleles. |
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Definition
Trisomy of chromosome 21
IQ- 20-70 (metal retardation)
Virtually all males are sterile, some females can reproduce
*low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, protruding tongue, low-set ears
*poor muscle tone(hypotonia), short
*Congenital heart disease, reduced ability to fight resp infect, increase chance of leukemia, reduced survival rate. by 40 usually develop alzheimers sypm.
*76% of fetus' abort spontaneously or are stillborn, 20%infants die before 10; life expectancy of about 60
*97% caused by nondisjunction |
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Term
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Definition
(45,X) Monosomy of X chromosome
*Found only in females
short stature, webbing of neck, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at elbow
*Coarctation (narrowing) of aorta, edema of feet in newborns, usually sterile, lack of ovaries
*Most common single-chromosome aberration
*only .5% survive from conception
*caused by meiotic error in father |
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Term
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Definition
(47,XXY) XXY Condition
*Moderate degree of mental impairment
*Have male appearance but usually sterile; 50% develop gynecomastia
*occurs in 1:1000 male births
*Voice somewhat high pitched
*Sparse body hair, small testicles
*50% of cases result of nondisjunction of X chromosomes in mother, frequency rises with increasing maternal age |
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Term
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Definition
| at a given locus, an individual has one whose origin is paternal and one whose origin is maternal. |
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