Term
| sensory receptors synonymous with what (3) |
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Definition
| sensory organs, sensory endings, sensory transducers |
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Term
| sensory receptors may be two types |
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Definition
| terminal of afferent fibers or a non-neuronal transducer cell |
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Term
| example of a non-neuronal transducer cell |
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Definition
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Term
| key fact about sensory receptors (2) |
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Definition
| non-specific, respond to different types of stimuli |
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Term
| single afferent fiber including all of its peripheral branches, non-neuronal transducers, cell body, and central synapses |
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Definition
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Term
| a given nerve fiber, no matter how stimulated, produces a clearly defined sensation |
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Definition
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Term
| modality specifity example: eyes |
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Definition
| press on a closed eye, perceive light |
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Term
| Primary modalities of sensation (8) |
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Definition
| light touch, discriminative touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, joint position, joint movement |
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Term
| secondary modalities of sensation |
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Definition
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Term
| two classifications of sensory recepeotrs |
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Definition
| exteroceptors, interoceptors |
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Term
| receive stimuli from outside the body, such as touch, pain, pressure, temperature, sight, smell, and hearing |
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Definition
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Term
| synonymous with visceroreceptors, poorly localized, digestion, excretion, circulation, respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| functional types of sensory receptors (5) |
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Definition
| mechano-, nocio-, thermo-, chemo-, stretch receptors |
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Term
| respond to mechanical deformation, such as touch pressure, position, movement and stretch |
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Definition
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Term
| respond to noxious stimuli, whether it be mechanical, thermal, or chemical |
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Definition
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Term
| respond to hot or cold stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
| respond to chemical changes |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle receptors, such as muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs |
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Definition
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Term
| Two types of specific sensory receptors |
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Definition
| nonencaspulated, encapsulated |
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Term
| two types of nonencapsulated specific receptors |
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Definition
| free nerve endings, merkel's discs |
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Term
| free nerve endings are what type of specific sensory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| merkel's discs are what type of specific sensory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| 6 types of encapsulated specific sensory receptors |
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Definition
| meissner's corpuscles, pacininan corpuscles, ruffini corpuscles, muscle spindle, golgi tendon organs, krause end bulbs |
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Term
| meissner's corpuscles are what type of specific sensory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| pacininan corpuscles are what type of specific sensory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| ruffini corpuscles are what type of specific sensory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle spindles are what type of specific sensory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| golgi tendon organs are what type of specific sensory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| krause end bulbs are what type of specific sensory receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| free nerve endings characteristics (not what they respond to) |
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Definition
| small diameter, myelinated and nonmyelinated |
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Term
| free nerve endings respond to what (6) |
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Definition
| pain, crude touch, pressure, tickle, itch, possibly warmth |
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Term
| merkel's discs (general description, not what they respond to) |
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Definition
| slowly adapting, numerous at birth, gradually diminish with age |
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Term
| merkel's discs respond to wwhat |
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Definition
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Term
| meissner's corpuscles characteristics (general description, not what they respond to) |
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Definition
| numbers decrease with age, rapidly adapting receptor |
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Term
| meissner's corpuscles are most numerous where |
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Definition
| palmar surface of hands and feet |
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Term
| chief sense organ of discriminative touch |
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Definition
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Term
| chief difference between merkel's discs and meissner's corpuscles? |
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Definition
| rate of adaptation. meissner's = fast. merkel's = slow |
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Term
| pacinian corpuscles general characteristics (characteristics (general description, not what they respond to) |
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Definition
| rapidly adapting, heavily myelinated fiber, largest and most widely distributed |
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Term
| pacinian corpuscles respond to what |
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Definition
| pressure, vibration, and joint proprioception |
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Term
| when do pacinian corpuscles respond |
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Definition
| initiation and cessation of pressure |
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Term
| ruffini corpuscles respond to what |
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Definition
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Term
| ruffini corpuscles characteristics (general description, not what they respond to) |
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Definition
| slowly adapting receptor in skin |
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Term
| What layer of skin are free nerve endings found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of skin are merkel's discs found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of skin are meissner's corpuscles found? |
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Definition
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Term
| what layer of skin are ruffini corpuscles found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of skin are pacininan corpuscles found? |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle spindle general characteristics (not what it responds to) |
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Definition
| high complex and specialized, only receptor with motor innervation |
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Term
| what is the only receptor with motor innervation |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle spindle responds to what |
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Definition
| length and velocity of muscle stretch |
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Term
| golgi tendon organ responds to what |
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Definition
| muscle contraction/tension |
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Term
| krause end bulbs respond to what |
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Definition
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Term
| circumscribed area within which the proper stimulus will evoke discharge in a sensory unit |
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Definition
| peripheral receptive field |
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Term
| peripheral receptive field of a receptor is one which evokes what |
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Definition
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Term
| graded, partial depolarization of a receptor which may or may not be of sufficient strength to produce in an action potential in the afferent fiber |
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Definition
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Term
| general characteristic of sensory receptors which is important for tactile discrimination and 2-point discriminitaiton |
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Definition
| partially shifted overlap |
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Term
| general idea of partially shifted overlap |
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Definition
| receptive fields overlap so a stimulus will rarely excite only 1 stimulus |
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Term
| general rule of partially shifted overlap |
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Definition
| the greater # of afferents serving a defined region, the smaller the individual field, the greater amount of overlap and teh large the cortical representation |
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Term
| decreasing response of a receptor to continued stimulation, highly variable |
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Definition
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Term
| type of stimulus for which a receptor has the lowest threshold |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 attributes of sensation |
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Definition
| modality, quality, intensity, duration, projection |
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Term
| attributes of sensation: specificity of sensation is fixed |
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Definition
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Term
| attributes of sensation: same modality may differ somehow (ie light) |
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Definition
| quality (modality = light, quality = color) |
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Term
| attributes of sensation: sensation of the same quality may differ in _______ (ie temperature) |
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Definition
| intensity (warm vs lukewarm water) |
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Term
| _______ Law states the least perceptible increase in the intensity of the stimulus is different for different sensations |
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Definition
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Term
| Weber's law states that the least perceptible increase in the intensity of the stimulus is called what |
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Definition
| just noticeable difference |
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Term
| attributes of sensation: ______ of a sensation may outlast the stimulus (ie pain) and is related to adaptation of the receptor and accomodation of the fiber |
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Definition
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Term
| attributes of sensation: sensation is "percieved" @ the cortical level and "______" to the periphery |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of projection is highly accurate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of projection is highly diffuse |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| touch, pressure, tactile discrimination, two-point discrimination, kinesthesia, proprioception, stereognosis, pain |
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Term
| Touch/pressure threshold is _____, and is influeced by what |
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Definition
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Term
| there is a greater influence from movement over a surface, as in the movement may be the key factor in this specific sensation |
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Definition
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Term
| this specific sensation has the same variables as touch/pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| which area of the body has the best ability to two-point discriminate |
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Definition
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Term
| what area of the body has the worst ability to two point discriminate |
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Definition
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Term
| ability to know where joints and limbs are during movement |
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Definition
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Term
| kinesthesia involves what receptors |
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Definition
| muscle and joint receptors |
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Term
| ability to know where joints and limbs are staticsally |
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Definition
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Term
| ability to identify objects in hand without sight, is a combination of touch and proprioception |
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Definition
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Term
| why is stereognosis a secondary modality? |
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Definition
| it is a combination of touch and proprioception |
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Term
| specific sensation in which the adequate stimulus is the rate of destruction of nerve tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| important notes about Pain sensation |
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Definition
| great individual differences in the perception of pain; behavioral response is often more important than the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| at the beginning of a stimulus |
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Term
| when is less pain sensed? |
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Definition
| if the stimulus is applied slowly |
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