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| The idea that a physiological need created an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy a need |
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| Basic bodily requirements |
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| Aroused, motivated state often created by deprivation of a needed substance |
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| a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
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| Maslow's pyramid of human needs; at the base are physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, and the psychological needs, etc. |
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| The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source energy for body tissues. When this level is low, we feel hungry |
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| The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight |
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| The body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
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| An eating disorder in which a person (usually a adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15% or more) underweight |
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| An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise |
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| A response of the whole organism, involving 1) physiological arousal, 2) expressive behaviors, and 3) conscious experience |
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| The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli |
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| The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers 1) physiological responses and 2) the subjective experience of emotion |
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| Schachter-Singer's theory that to experience emotion we must 1) be physically aroused and 2) cognitively label the arousal |
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| A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion |
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| The tendency of facial muscles starts to trigger corresponding fealings such as fear, anger, or happiness |
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| Emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges |
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| Feel Good, Do Good Phenomenon |
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| Our tendency to be helpful when we are in a good mood |
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| Self-percieved happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate our quality of life |
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| Adaptation Level Phenomenon |
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| Our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neutral level defined by prior experience |
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| The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves |
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| The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
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| An emergency response, including activity of the sympathetic nervous system, that mobilizes energy and activity for attacking or escaping a threat |
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| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) |
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| Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response in three stages-alarm, resistance, and exhaustion |
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| Under stress, people (especially women)often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend) |
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| The study of how physiological, neural, and endocrine processes combine to affect our immune system and health |
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| The two types of white blood cells that are a part of the body's immune system. B-cells release antibodies that fight bacterial infections, T-cells attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances |
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| The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscles, the leading cause of death in many developed countries, such as those in North America |
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| Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally-aggressive, and anger-prone people |
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| The term for easy-going people |
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| Attempting to alleviate stress directly; by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor |
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| Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction |
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| Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless |
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| The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human being learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
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| External Locus of Control |
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| The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determines our fate |
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| Internal Locus of Control |
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| The perception that we control our own fate |
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| The anticipation of a positive outcome. Optimists are people who expect the best and expect their efforts to lead to good things |
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| The anticipation of a negative outcome. Pessimists expect the worst and doubt that their goals will be achieved |
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| A sustained exercise, such as swimming, that keeps the heart and lungs fit. It can also help with depression, stress, and anxiety |
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| A system of recording, amplifying, and feeding back information about subtle bodily responses |
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