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Definition
| A cell or and individual with 2 copies of each chromosome. |
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Definition
| The cell produced by the fusion of a male gamete (sperm cell) and a female gamete (egg cell). |
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| A cell or an individual with one copy of each nuclear chromosome. |
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Definition
| The complete compendium of genetic information in a haploid chromosome set. |
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Definition
| Chromosomes that have the same arrangement of genetic loci, are identical in their visible structure, and pair during meiosis. |
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Definition
| Each individual member of a pair of homologous chromosomes. |
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| Nonhomologous chromosomes |
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Definition
| Recombination between DNA sequences that are not identical or highly similar. |
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Definition
| A chromosome in eukaryotic organisms that differs morphologically or in # in the 2 sexes. In many organisms, one sex possesses a pair of visibly different chromosomes. One is an X Chromosome, and the other is a Y chromomsome. |
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Definition
| A chromosome other than a sex chromosome. |
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Definition
| A region of chromosome containing DNA sequences to which mitotic and meiotic spindle fibers attach. Under the microsope a centromere is seen as a constriction in the chromosome. The centromere region of each chromosome is responsible for the accurate segregation of replicated chromosomes to the daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis. |
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Definition
| A chromosome with the centromere near the center such that the chromosome arms are of about equal lengths. |
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| Sumbetacentric chromosomes |
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Definition
| A chromosome with the centromere nearer one end than the other such that one arm is longer than the other. |
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Definition
| A chromosome with the centromere near one end such that it has one long arm plus a stalk and a satellite. (One long arm and a small bulge for the other arm) |
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Definition
| A chromosome with the centromere more or less at one end such that only one arm is visible. |
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Definition
| A complete set of all the metaphase chromatid pairs in a cell. |
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Definition
| It is the process of nuclear division in haploid and diploid cells producing daughter nuclei that contain idnetical chromosome complements and to the parent nucleus from which they arose. |
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Definition
| The process whereby one cell divides to produce two cells. |
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Definition
| The cyclical process of growth and cellular reproduction in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. The cycle includes nuclear division (mitosis) and cell division (cytokinesis). |
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Definition
| The presynthesis stage of Interphase. The cell prepares for DNA and chromosome replication, which take place in the S stage. |
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Definition
| Synthesis phase of Interphase. When DNA and chromosomes are replicated. |
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Definition
| The postsynthesis stage of Interphase. The cell prepares for cell division which takes place in the M stage. |
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Definition
| This is Mitosis which happens once Interphase is over. |
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Definition
| Two identical copies of a chromosome derived from replication of the chromosome during interphase of the cell cycle. They are held together by the replicated but unseparated centromeres. |
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Definition
| One of the 2 vidibly distinct replicated copies of each chromosome that becomes visible between early prophase and metaphase of mitosis and is joined to its sister chromatied at their centromeres. |
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Definition
| Detached sister chromatids after they separate at the beginning of miotic anaphase or meiotic anaphase II. |
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Definition
| Chromosome replication takes place during this. Following is mitosis. |
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Definition
| The first stage in mitosis or meiosis during which the repicated chromosomes condense and become visible under the microscope. |
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Definition
| Stage in mitosis in which the mitotic spendle has been forming between separating centriole pairs enters the former nuclear area, a kinetochore binds to each centromere and, kinetochore microtubules originating at one or other of the poles attach to each kinetochore. |
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Definition
| Specialized multiprotein complex that assembles at the centromere of a chromatid and is the site of attachment of spendle microtubules during mitosis. |
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Definition
| The stage in mitosis or meiosis during which chromosomes become aligned along the equatorial plane of the spendle. |
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Definition
| The plane in the cell where the chromosomes become aligned during metaphase. |
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Definition
| The stage in mitosis when the sister chromatids separate and migrate toward the opposite poles of the cell. |
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Definition
| The stage in mitosis or meiosis during which the migration of the daughter chromosomes to the two poles is completed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis or meiosis I or II during which the 2 new nuclei compartmentalize into separate daughter cells. (starts during the end of anaphase and ends after telophase.) |
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Term
| What are the phases and order of the cell cycle? (there are 2) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the stages and order of the cell cycle? (there are 4) |
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Definition
1)G1 (gap 1)
2)S (synthesis)[this is when replication occurs]
3)G2 (gap 2)
4)M (mitosis) [this is when division occurs] |
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Term
| What are the 5 stages of Mitosis in order? |
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Definition
1)Prophase
2)Prometaphase
3)Metaphase
4)Anaphase
5)Telophase |
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Term
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Definition
| Two successive nuclear divisions of a diploid nucleus, following one DNA replication, that results in the formation of haploid gametes or of spores having 1/2 the genetic material of the original cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation of male and female gametes. |
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Definition
| The first meiotic division, resulting in the reduction of the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage in meiosis I in which the nucleoli disappear, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the meiotic spendle that has been forming between the separating centriole pairs enters the former nuclear area, a kinetochore binds to each centromere, and kinetochore microtubules originating at one or other of the poles attach to each kinetochore. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first stage in prophase I of meiosis during which the chromosomes begin to coil and become visible. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage in prophase I of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes begin to pair in a highly specific way along their lengths. |
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Definition
| The intimate association of replicated homologous chromosomes brought about by the formation of a zipper-like structure (the synaptonomal complex) between the homologues during prophase I of meiosis. |
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Definition
| A complex structure that spans the region etween meiotically paired (synapsed) chromosomes and facilitates crossing-over. |
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Definition
| The stage in prophase I of meiosis during which the homologous pairs of chromosomes under crossing-over. |
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Definition
| A pair of homologous, synapsed chromosomes, consisting of 4 chromatids, during the first meiotic division. |
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Definition
| The process of reciprocal chromosomal interchange that occurs frequently during meiosis and gives rise to recombinant chromosomes. |
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Definition
| A daughter chromosome that emerges from meiosis with an allele composition that differs from that of either parental chromosome. |
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Definition
| A process by which parents with different alleles give rise to progeny with genotypes that differ from either parent. (ex. parents with AB and ab genotypes can produce recombinant progeny with Ab and aB genotypes.) |
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Definition
| The stage in prophase I of meiosis during which the synaptonemal complex disassembles and homologous chromosomes begin to move apart. |
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Definition
| A cross-shaped structure formed during crossing-over and visible during the diplonema stage of meiosis. |
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Definition
| The final stage in prophase I of meiosis, during which the replicated chromosomes (bivalents)are most condensed, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spendle begins to form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage in meiosis I in which the nucleoli disappear, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the meiotic spendle that has been forming between the separating centriole pairs enters the former nuclear area, a kinetochore binds to each centromere, and kinetochore microtubules originateing at one or other of the poles attach to each kinetochore. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage in meiosis I when each homologous chromosome pair (bivalent) becomes aligned on the equatorial plate. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage in meiosis I when the chromosomes in each bivalent separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage in meiosis I, when chromosomes (each a sister chromatid pair) complete migration to the poles and new nuclear envelopes form around each set of replicated chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The second meiotic division, resulting in the separation of the chromatids and formation of four haploid cells. |
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Definition
| The first stage of meiosis II during which the chromosomes condense. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage in meiosis II in which the nuclear encelopes (if formed in telophase I) break down, the spindle organizes across the cell, and kinetochore microtubules from the opposite poles attach to the kinetochores of each chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage of meiosis II during which the chromosomes (each a sister chromatid pair) line up on the equatorial plate in each of the two daughter cells formed in meiosis I. |
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Term
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Definition
| THe stage in meiosis II when the sister chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The last stage of meiosis II, During which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of daughter chromosomes and sytokinesis takes place. |
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