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| Fundamental scientific statements--- the observations. |
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| Idea of structure or function that explains patterns and predicts observations, and is testable by disproofs....the explanation. |
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| theoretical constructs that aid concept, visual, or calculation |
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| a pure substance made from only one kind of atom |
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| law of definite proportions |
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| a pure compound is composed of a fine proportion of elements. ex. pure compounds have a fixed composition whether the size of the sample or source of the compound is different. |
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| law of conservation of mass |
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| mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical or physical reactions |
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| Dalton's Law of Atomic Theory |
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reasoning that elements were composed of atoms and that only whole numbers of atoms can combine to form compounds. His theory has 3 parts.
1) all is composed of atoms
2) These atoms have identical mass, size, and other properties.
3) Atoms are rearranged in reactions
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| divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous that are phsically separated by means of distillation, crystalization or filtering |
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| elements that are pure and cannot be broken down further |
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| must be chemically separated, and can be made into elements. These have different ratios of elements |
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| a change in substance that does not change the identity---solid/liquid/gas |
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| A change in which one or more substances are converted to a different substance. |
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| equal volumes of gass contain equal numbers of particles at the same temperature and pressure |
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| amount of space occupied, measured in meters cubed or liters. |
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CO3 2-
NO3 -
PO4 3-
SO4 2-
ClO3 - |
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| Covalent Compounds that when mixed in water ionize to some degree |
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bitey flavor, or corrosive.
Turn different colors. |
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| Caions, metal ions retain their element name,, commonly used convention is to give the higher charged ion the suffix "ic" and the lower charged ion "ous" |
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A + B ---> AB
Fe + 3o2 = 2FE203 |
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Reduction of metal and non metal oxides, usually forced via heat.
AB ---> A + B |
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Decomposition of organics to produce CO2 AND H2O.
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AB + CD ---> AD + BC
no change in oxidations states occur |
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GIA Ions, G7A ions, NH4+, NO3-
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