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| an organism that is produced by asexual reproduction and that is genetically identical to its parent; to make a genetic duplicate. |
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| the pattern of bands that results when an individual's DNA sample is radiolabeled and exposed to X rays after being fragmented, replicated and seperated. |
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| a technique used to seperate nucleic acids or proteins according to size and charge in an agarose or acrylamide gel. |
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| a technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use. |
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| a circular DNA molecule that is usually found in bacteria and that can replicate independent of the main chromosome. |
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| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
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| a short, single-stranded fragment of DNA or RNA that is required for the initiation of DNA replication. |
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| a strand of RNA or single stranded DNA that has been labeled with a radioactive element or fluorescent dye and that is used to bind with and identify a specific gene in genetic engineering. |
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| varible number tanden repeats (VNTR) |
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