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Gen Chem Chapter 10: Acids and Bases
mcat gen chem
74
Chemistry
07/09/2009
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Term
litmus paper
 Definition
turns red in acid and blue in base
Term
BL acid
 Definition
proton donor (ADH) acid donates hydrogen
Term
BL base
 Definition
proton acceptor
Term
lewis acid
 Definition
electron acceptor
Term
lewis base
 Definition
electron donor
Term
arrhenius acid
 Definition
produces H+
Term
arrhenius base
 Definition
produces OH-
Term
arrhenius acids and bases only in
 Definition
aqueous solutions
Term
lewis definition is the most ____ and arrhenius is the most _____
 Definition
general, specific
Term
hypochlorite
 Definition
ClO-
Term
chlorite
 Definition
CLO2-
Term
chlorate
 Definition
ClO3-
Term
nitrite
 Definition
NO2-
Term
nitrate
 Definition
NO3-
Term
hypochlorous acid
 Definition
HClO
Term
chlorous acid
 Definition
HClO2
Term
chloric acid
 Definition
HClO3
Term
perchloric acid
 Definition
HClO4
Term
nitrous acid
 Definition
HNO2
Term
nitric acid
 Definition
HNO3
Term
weak acid or base has ___ of an effect on pH than a strong acid or base of the same concentration
 Definition
less
Term
Ka is a measure of
 Definition
the degree to which an acid dissociates
Term
the weaker the acid the ___ the Ka
 Definition
smaller
Term
NaOH
 Definition
strong base
Term
HCl
 Definition
strong acid
Term
NH3
 Definition
weak base
Term
HClO
 Definition
weak acid
Term
salt ions + water --> acid or base
 Definition
hydrolysis
Term
amphoteric
 Definition
can act either as an acid or a base
Term
another name for amphoteric
 Definition
amphiprotic
Term
examples of amphoteric species:
 Definition
1. partially dissociated conj base of a polyprotic acid
2. hydroxides of certain metals
3. species that either oxidize or reduce
Term
titration:
 Definition
procedure used to determine the molarity of an acid or base
Term
number of acid eq = number of base eq at the
 Definition
equivalence point
Term
indicators are ___ acids or bases
 Definition
weak... have different colors in undissociated and dissociated states
Term
buffer solution:
 Definition
mixture of a weak acid and its salt or weak base and its salt
Term
H2SO4
 Definition
strong acid
Term
lewis bases are also called
 Definition
ligands
Term
lewis acid-base reaction are also called
 Definition
complexation reactions
Term
Kw=
 Definition
Ka*Kb
Term
HNO3
 Definition
strong acid
Term
HCl
 Definition
strong acid
Term
HBr
 Definition
strong acid
Term
HI
 Definition
strong acid
Term
HClO4
 Definition
strong acid
Term
HClO3
 Definition
strong acid
Term
H3PO4
 Definition
strong acid
Term
CH3COOH
 Definition
weak acid
Term
H2O
 Definition
weak acid and weak base
Term
HF
 Definition
weak acid
Term
HCN
 Definition
weak acid
Term
HSO4-
 Definition
weak acid
Term
NH4+
 Definition
weak acid
Term
KOH
 Definition
strong base
Term
CaO
 Definition
strong base
Term
Na2O
 Definition
strong base
Term
H-
 Definition
strong base
Term
NH2-
 Definition
strong base
Term
NH3
 Definition
weak base
Term
CH3COO-
 Definition
weak base
Term
CN-
 Definition
weak base
Term
SO42-
 Definition
weak base
Term
____ Ka means strong acid
 Definition
high
Term
____ pKa means strong acid
 Definition
low
Term
chose an indicator with a pKa close to
 Definition
the pH equilibrium point of the titration
Term
LEO
 Definition
loss of electrons oxidize
Term
GER
 Definition
gain electrons, reduce
Term
galvanic
 Definition
spontaneous
Term
voltaic
 Definition
spontaneous
Term
electrolytic
 Definition
non-spontaneous--requires energy
Term
electrons flow
 Definition
anode to cathode a-->c
Term
acid anhydride
 Definition
2 acyl groups to same oxygen
Term
metals for ___ anhydrides
 Definition
basic
Term
nonmetals form ___ anhydrides
 Definition
acid
Term
salts of nitrous acids are
 Definition
nitrites