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GED Science Vocabulary
Helpful vocabulary for the 2014 Science GED test.
60
Science
12th Grade
10/13/2014

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Term
Abiotic
Definition
Pertaining to all the nonliving things in an environment.
Term
Acceleration
Definition
The rate of change in velocity.
Term
Adaptation
Definition
Any trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
Term
Allele
Definition
One of two or more forms of a gene.
Term
Alveoli
Definition
Tiny air sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occors.
Term
Arteries
Definition
Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
Term
Artificial Selection
Definition
The process by which humans breed other animals and plants for specific traits.
Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest particleof an element that has the properties of that element.
Term
Autotroph
Definition
An organism that captures matter and energy from a nonliving source (a producer)Ex- Plants, which use the sun's energy and photosynthesis to sustain itself.
Term
Base
Definition
a chemical that has a bitter taste that forms when a salt and an acid are mixed.
Term
Biodiversity
Definition
The variety life in an area that is determined by the number of species in that area.
Term
Biogeochemical Cycles
Definition
The recycling systems of an ecosystem. Ex-hydrological cycle - water. water is evaporated from the oceans, it rises as water vapor to form clouds when it condenses on dust particles in the cooler upper atmosphere. The clouds can precipitate as rain, snow or hail. The runoff creates rivers which water bionic systems.
Plant and animal life exists in the water. Eventually, the river water empties out to the sea. The system is happening all the time.
Term
Biomass
Definition
The total mass of living tissue in a trophic level,
1.
the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume.
Term
Biome
Definition
A major ecological system that occupies a large region of land or water and is characterized by the organisms adapted to its particular environment.
Term
Biotic
Definition
Pertaining to all the living thing in an environment.
Term
Calories
Definition
A measure of ENERGY stored in a particular food.
Term
Capillaries
Definition
Microscopic blood vessles that connect arteries and veins.
Term
Carrying Capacity
Definition
The maximum amount of organisms of one species that an environment can support for the long term.
Term
Cartilage
Definition
Strong but flexible material found in some parts of the body.
Term
Cells
Definition
The smallest living unit that carries on the activities of an organism.
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
The sequence of events that lead to cell growth and division.
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
States that cells are the basic units of life, that all organisms are made of cells, and that cells produce new cells.
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
A process in which glucose and other organic molecules are broken down to release energy in the presence of oxygen.
Term
Chemical Bond
Definition
A force that holds together two atoms in a compound. A force resulting from the redistribution of energy contained by orbiting electrons, which tends to bind atoms together to form molecules.
Term
Chemical Property
Definition
The ability or inability of a substance to react with or change into one or more new substances.
Term
Chemical Reaction
Definition
The process in which one or more substances are change into new substances.
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
Pigment that gives plants their green color which they use to capture the sunlights energy to use for the production of sustanance.
Term
Chromatid
Definition
One copy of a chromasome that is joined to its exact duplicate sister chromatid.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Structures where genes are located.
Term
Cladogram
Definition
Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship of organisms.
Term
Classify
Definition
To group into categories based on similar based on similar characteristics.
Term
Climate Change
Definition
A persistent or noticable change in local or global weather patterns in an extended period of time.
Term
Comet
Definition
small body of ice or rock that is left over from the formation of a solar system.
Term
Commensalism
Definition
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benifits and the other is not affected.
Term
Compound Machines
Definition
Machines made of more than one simple machine.
Term
Conduction
Definition
the transfer of thermal energy between particles that collide.
Term
Constellation
Definition
Recognizeable pattern formes by groups of stars in the night sky.
Term
Contrast
Definition
To show differences between. (one thing and another)
Term
Convection
Definition
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles.
Term
Crossing Over
Definition
The process in which the DNA from the father and DNA from the mother of an organism switch chromosomes.
Term
Deposition
Definition
The process by which material is either laid on the ground or sinks to the bottom of a body of water.
Term
Differentiate
Definition
To see or state the differnce betwen two or more things.
Term
Discriminate
Definition
To notice that one thing is different from another.
Term
DNA Replication
Definition
The process in which an extra copy of DNA is made.
Term
Draw Conclusions
Definition
To interprit or make differences based on the result of an investigation.
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
A community of different organisms living in an area, an all the nonliving surroundings.
Term
Electromagnetic Waves
Definition
Waves created by vibrating electric charges that can travel through matter of space.
Term
Element
Definition
A substance in which all the atoms are the same.
Term
Endothermic Reactions
Definition
Reactions that require the addiciton of energy to proceed. Examples- The melting of ice cubes, conversion of frost to water vapor, evaporation of water, baking bread, cooking an egg.
Term
Energy Resource
Definition
A natural material people use to meet their energy needs.
Term
Energy Transformation
Definition
The change of one type of energy into another type of energy.
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Molecules, often proteins, that facilitate chemical reactions in organisms.
Term
Epidemic
Definition
A disease or illness affecting a large number of people.
Term
Epigenics
Definition
A study of how the chemicals that are not part of the DNA sequence affect the expression of genes.
Term
Erosion
Definition
To transport of weathered materials from one place to another by way of water, ice, wind, or gravity.
Term
Esophagus
Definition
A muscular tube that moves food from the throat to the stomach.
Term
Eukaryotic Cell
Definition
A cell with a nucleus and many organelles enclosed in their own membranes.
Term
Eutrophication
Definition
When excess nutrients in tnutrients in water causes oxygen depletion.
Term
Evolution
Definition
Change in living organsims over long periods of time.
Term
Exothermic Reactions
Definition
Reactions that release energy as the reaction proceeds. Ex- Making ice cubes, conversion of frost to water vapor,formation of snow in clouds.
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