the ability of the body to identify and resist

 microorganisms that are potentially harmful

cell mediated immuntiy

humoral(anitbody mediated)immunity

CMI

cell mediated immunity:

results from the activity of many leukocytes actions

reactions,and interactions that range from simple to complex

CMI refers to T lymphocytes

they are the ones that engulf and digest microorganisms

They attack antigens directly.

T lymphocytes defend against viral infections, fungal inf.

and some bacterial inf.

antibody-mediated defense is the "hitman"

B-lymphocytes produce circulating antibodys to act against a foreign susbtance.this is referred to as antigen-antibody response.

two types:

artificially aquired immunity

natural aquired immunity

when a person is exposed to a certain infectious microorganism and the body begins to form antibodies to the invading microorganism.

ie: vaccines

obtained from immune globulinsor antivenins.

provides individual with ready made antibodies from another human or animal

is a poisonous substance produced by some bacteria.

ie: clostrididium tetani (tetanus). a toxin is capable of stimulating the body to produce antitoxins.

usually mild, chills, fever, muscle pain, rash, lethargy.

Pain and tenderness at injection site.

immediate reactions occure within 30 minutes after inj.

flushing, itching, urticaria, edema of face, tongue, and throat, cough, dyspnea, vomiting, cyanosis,collapse.

contraindications:

mmr/varicella; if your allergic to gelatin and neomycin.

during pregnancy,esp in 1st trimester due to birth defects

vaccines and toxoids are contraindicated:

acture febrille illness, leukemia, lymphoma,

immunosuppressive illness or drug therapy

vaccines containing live organisms are not to be given within 3 months of giving immune globulin admin.

(they will interact)

alert:

human immune globulin iv products have been assoc with

renal impairment, acute renal failure, osmotic nephrosis, and death.  pts with renal disease and diabetes mellitus or if older than 65 or recieving nephrotoxic drugs should not be given IGIV products

*obtain allergy hx before admin of vaccine.

nursing diagnosis:

acute pain

individual effective theraputic regimen management

lifespan alert:

(pediatric) The American Academy of FamilyPhysicians states: children 12-15months of age can receive up to seven injections during a single office visit

the nurse documents:

*date of vaccine

*route and site,vaccine type,manufacturer

*lot number and exp date

*nameaddress and title of individual administering the vaccine

nursing alert

in most cases serious adverse reactions from an immunizationis much smaller than the risk of contracting the disease.

patient teaching:

*explain possible reactions to vaccine,

*contact pcp if leaving the country well in advance to receive appropriate vaccines.

*encourage them to bring shot records

*provide date for return for next vaccination