what is the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• Lateral head: lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of teh femur; medial head: politeal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
• posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
• plantarflexes anke when knee is extended; raises heel deuirng walking, and felexes leg at knee joint; fleexes leg
• tibial nerve
• sural aa. (from the popliteal a.), posterior tibial a.
• the calcaneal tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body

what is the origin of the soleus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• posterior surface of head and upper shaft of the fibula, soleal line of the tibia, medial border of tibia
• posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
• plantarflexes ankle; steadies leg on fott; plantarflexes foot
• tibial nerve
• posterior tibial a.
• soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris mm. are sometimes called the triceps surae muscle

what is the origin of the plantaris muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament. above the lateral femoral condyle
• posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
• weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle
• tibial nerve
• popliteal a.
• plantaris has a long slender tendon that is equivalent to the tendon of the palmaris longus m. of the arm; its tendon is often called the "freshman nerve" because it is often misidentified by the freshman medical student

what is the origin of the popliteus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
• posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
• flexes and rotates the leg medially (with the foot planted, it rotates the thigh laterally); weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, or medially rotating tibia and unplanted limb
• tibial nerve
• popliteal artery
• has a round tendon of origin; popliteus unlocks the knee joint to initiate flexion of the leg

what is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane
• base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux); medial belly: medial side of proximal phalanx of the great toe; lateral belly: lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
• flexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe; flexes great toe at all jiont; weakly plantraflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
• tibial nerve; medial plantar nerve (lateral belly occasionally receives innervation from the lateral plantar nerve)
• fibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a.
• eflexor hallucis longus is very important in the "push off" part of the normal gait

what is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula
• bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits
• flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot
• tibial nerve
• tibial a.
• flexor digitorum longus in the leg is equivalent to the flexor digitorum profundus m. of the arm

what is the origin of the tibialis posterior muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula
• primarily to tuberosity of navicular; also to cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of 2nd-4th metatassals
• plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch fo foot
• tibial nerve
• fibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a.
• acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis anterior m.

what is the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
• medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
• dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudial arch of foot
• deep fibular nerve
• anterior tibial a.
• acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis posterior m.

what is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane
• base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
• extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle
• deep fibular nerve
• anterior tibial a.
• one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome

what is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• lateral condyle of tibia and superior three fourths of anterior surface of interosseous membrane
• middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
• extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle
• deep fibular nerve
• anterior tibial a.
• one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome

what is the origin of the fibularis tertius muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
• dorsum of the base of 5th metatarsal bone
• dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot
• deep fibular nerve
• anterior tibial a.
• fibularis tertius is in the anterior compartment of the leg, not the lateral compartment (which contains fibularis longus and brevis)

what is the origin of the fibularis longus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
• base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
• evert foor; weakly plantarflexes ankle. It supports transverse arch of foot
• superficial fibular nerve
• fibular (peroneal) a.
• fibularis longus lies superficial to the fibularis brevis m. in the lateral compartment of the leg

what is the origin of the fibularis brevis muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
• dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metartasal
• extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot
• superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
• fibular (peroneal) a.
• stress fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone is a common runner's injury

what is the source/origin of popliteal artery?

course?

distribution?

branches?

supply to?

• continuation of femoral artery at adductor hiatus in adductor magnus
• passes through popliteal fossa to leg; ends at inferior border of popliteus muscle by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
• superior, middke, and inferior genicular arteries to knee; muscular branches to hamstrings and muslces of superificial posterior compartmetn of leg
• anterior tibial a., posterior tibial a., 5 genicular brs.
• knee, leg and foot
• the popliteal a. is the continuation of the femoral a., the name change occurs at the adductor hiatus

what is the source/origin of anterior tibial artery?

course?

distribution?

branches?

supply to?

• popliteal artery
• passes into anterior compartment through gap in superior part of intersseous membrane; descends on this membrane between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
• anterior compartment of leg
• anterior tibial recurrent a., posterior tibial recurrent a., anterior malleolar a., medial malleolar a., lateral malleolar a., dorsalis pedis a.
• anterior leg; dorsum of foot and deep foot
• anterior tibial a. becomes continuous with the dorsalis pedis a.; the name change occurs at the level of the ankle joint

what is the source/origin of dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of foot) artery?

course?

distribution?

branches?

supply to?

• continuation of anterior tibial artery distal to inferior extensor retinaculum
• descends anteromedially to first interosseous space; divides into deep plantar and 1st dorsal metatasal arteries
• muscles on dorsum of foot; pierces first dorsal interosseous muscle as deep plantery artery to contribute to formation of plantar arch
• lateral tarsal a., medial tarsal a., arcuate a., 1st dorsal metatarsal a., deep plantar a.
• dorsal aspect of the foot;
• dorsalis pedis a. anastomoses with the plantar arterial arch; the anterior tibial artery continues as the dorsalis pedis - the name change occurs at the level of the ankle

what is the source/origin of posterior tibial artery?

course?

distribution?

branches?

supply to?

• popliteal
• passes through posterior compartment of leg; terminates distal flexor retinaculum by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries
• posterior to lateral compartments of leg; circumflex fibular branch joins anastomoses around knee; nutrient artery passes to tibia
• fibular a. (peroneal), circumflex fibular a., nutrient a. of the tibia, communicating br., posterior medial malleolar brs., medial calcaneal brs., lateral plantar a., medial plantar a.
• posterior and lateral leg, plantar aspect of the foot
• posterior tibial a. is the direct continuation of the popliteal a. the name change occurs at the inferior border of the popliteus m. where the popliteal a. bifurcates; the tibial a. bifurcates on the medial side of the foot to give rise to the medial plantar a. and lateral plantar a.

what is the source/origin of fibular artery?

course?

distribution?

branches?

supply to?

• posterior tibial
• descends in posterior compartment adjacent to posterior intermuscular septum
• posterior compartment of leg; perforating branches supply lateral compartments of leg
• nutrient br., lateral malleolar a., communicating br., perforating br.
• muscles and fascia of the lateral leg ankle
• fibular a. anastomoses at the ankle with the anterior and posterior tibial aa.; also known as: peroneal a.

what is the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
• medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metacarpal
• dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
• deep fibular nerve
• anterior tibial a.
• acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis posterior m.