Term
| How do fungi derive nutrition? They can be what 3 "types"? |
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Definition
| heterotrophic eukaryotes; mutualists, parasites, decomposers. |
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Term
| what are the 2 common body structures? |
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Definition
| multicellular filaments or yeasts (SINGLE cells) |
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Term
mycelia /hyphae
structure maximizes what? |
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Definition
mycelia- networks of branched hyphae adapted for absorption
surface area : volume |
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Term
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Definition
| fungal cell walls contain chitin |
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Term
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Definition
| most fungi have hyphae divided into cells by SEPTA, with pores that allow cell to cell movement |
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Term
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Definition
| lack septa, have continuous cytoplasmic mass with large #'s of nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| (mycorrhizal fungi) specialized hyphae that allow penetration of host tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| mutually beneficial relationships bw fungi & plant roots. Live in most vascular plants; deliver phosphate ions & minerals to plants |
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Term
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Definition
| form sheaths of hyphae over root & grows into extracellular spaces of root cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| extend hyphae through cell walls of root cells into tube caused by invagination of of the root cell membrane. |
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Term
| fungi nuclei are normally _________ w. the exception of _________. |
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Definition
| haploid; with the exception of transient diploid stages formed during sexual reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
(sexual reproduction) union of cytoplasm from parent mycelia/
nuclear fusion of haploid cells produces diploid cells which undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores |
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Term
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Definition
| haploid nuclei do not fuse immediately but coexist in the mycelium |
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Term
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Definition
| haploid nuclei pair off 2 to a cell |
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Term
| molds / yeats / deuteromycetes |
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Definition
| (asexually) produce haploid spores by mitosis and form visible mycelia / cell division and bud cell pinching from parent cell / no known sexual stage |
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Term
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Definition
| unicellular parasites of animals & protists, considered fungi |
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Term
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Definition
-freshwater / terrestrial
-decomposers, parasites, or mutualists
-ZOOSPORES: flagellated spores |
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Term
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Definition
-molds, parasites, symbionts
-Rhizpous stolonifer: black bread mold
- coenocytic hyphae
-asexual sporangia produce haploid spores
-ZYGOSPORANGIA |
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Term
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Definition
site of karyogamy
resistent to freezing & drying |
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Term
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Definition
| form arbuscular mycorrhize |
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Term
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Definition
marine, freshwater, terrestrial
sexual spores produced in sac like ASCI contained in ASCOCARPS (fruiting bodies)
-plant pathogens, decomposers, symbionts
-conida
-Neurospora crassa |
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Term
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Definition
| ascomycetes reproduce asexual by enormous #'s of sexual spores called CONIDA; they are asexually produced at tips of specialized hyphae (conidiophores) |
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Term
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Definition
-mushrooms, shelf fungi mycorhizae, & plant parasites
-defined by BASIDIUM ( club like structure, a transient diploid stage)
-many are decomposers of wood |
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Term
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Definition
sexual reproduction by producing elaborate fruiting bodies (BASIDIOCARPS)
-basidia in basidiocarps are sources of sexual spores called basdiospores |
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Term
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Definition
mycorrhizae fungi that liv in plant leaves & make toxins that deter herbivores & defend against pathogens
most are ascomycetes |
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Term
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Definition
symbiotic relationship bw photosynthetic microorganism & fungus (ascomycetes usually)
-algae or cyanobacteria occupy inner layer
-algae provide carbon compounds
-cyanobacteria provide organic nitrogen
-fungi produce asexually (SOREDIA) & sexually
-sensitive to pollution |
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Term
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Definition
| asexual reproduction of fungi in lichen; formation of soredia: small clusters of hyphae w/ embedded algae |
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Term
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Definition
-caused by ascomycetes
-ergotism: gangrene, burning sensation, hallucinations, insanity
-contains lysergic acid; raw material for LSD |
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Term
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Definition
| fungal infection in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| used in study of parkinson's & huntington's diseases |
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