Term
| Chapter 9 Growth & Development |
|
Definition
Growth: physical changes that occurr over time
development: process of adapting to one's environment
|
|
|
Term
| PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT |
|
Definition
• Follows orderly predictable pattern - growth charts, wheel of development
• individual timing fluctuations will be seen
• simple skills develop seperately and independently fine motor skills develop independently after growth motor skill
• each body system gorws at its own rate
• body system functions become increasingly differentiated over time with in body systems
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory
Freud's theory |
|
|
Term
| Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory |
|
Definition
relationships w/others play important part in successful development
• believed can't become fixated in stage
• focus quality of care
|
|
|
Term
TRUST VS. MISTRUST < 1 YR
|
|
Definition
trust others meet their needs
gain sense of self worth
|
|
|
Term
AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT
1-3 YRS |
|
Definition
| Task mastery; if they get too high of demands from caregivers will feel shameful |
|
|
Term
INITIATIVE VS. GUILT
3-6 YRS |
|
Definition
| accept responsibility; learn to balance demands from others |
|
|
Term
INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY
7-11 years
|
|
Definition
| begin to master more difficult tasks develop self assurance |
|
|
Term
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
12-18 YRS |
|
Definition
| develop a sense their own identity w/in society |
|
|
Term
INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION
YOUNG ADULT |
|
Definition
| develop love and companionship |
|
|
Term
GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION
ADULT |
|
Definition
| gains more responsibilities and productivity |
|
|
Term
EGO VS. DESPAIR
MATURITY/OLDER ADULT |
|
Definition
| look back at life; either satisfied or not |
|
|
Term
| CONCEPTION AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT |
|
Definition
main focus prevention of harm to fetus
prenatal vitamins - folic acid reduces neural tube deects
reduce teratogens - limit use of prescrip/nonprescrip drugs, classes A-D and X FDA categorized w/ safety
reduce environmental pollutants, toxopasmosis (cat feces)
eliminate alcohol & illegal drugs
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neonates <28 days - kangaroo care skin to skin, reduce pain, develop trust,
develop eating, sleeping patterns, respond to touch, voice, holding important, trust caregivers who respond to needs
focus prevention on SID's & Infection
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most rapid rowth and develpment occurs - ht, wt, head circumference,
needs regarding eating sleeping crying elimination
safe play encourages gowth & development (adequate tummy time)
development gorss and fine motor skills - everyting goes in mouth
keep immunizations UTD
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
play continues to be center for G&D - independence develops
begin to discipline, set limits
safety still EXTREMELY important; constant supervision - prevent accidents, injuries still use mouth to explore
use of proper car seats
regressions can occur w/ hospitalization
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cognitive & psychosocial development prominent
imaginative
safety still important - unintentional injury #1 cause of death in 1-4 yr olds
Parental support still need w/ hospitalization - regression may also occur at this age, med. play
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
become better at tasks
increasing independence - have perform or assist w/ cares, can understand honest, factual information
prefer same sex peers
safety still concern
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
age range varies depending upon emotional and social experiences 10 - 13 yrs
physically begins w/ 2nd growth spurt - pubescene begins, develop pubic hair, females breasts
behavior patterns become more erratic (hormones)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
psychological maturation
puberty is point where reproduction physically possible (happening younger)
gain a sense of personal identity - peers very important in helping gain identity
focus on prevention of diseas and support grousp - screen for risk taking behaviors, listen and eduate don't lecture
often feel independence is restricted and personal identity threatened during hospitalization
include in plan of care in hospitalization
welcome peer interactions (may have to limit) - visitors, phone calls,
|
|
|
Term
| YOUNG ADULT LATE TEEN - MID 30'S |
|
Definition
physically mature
psychosocial maturity contiues to grow - choose occupation, continue to look for intimacy, emotional stres rises (don't work, family issues)
cognitive development continues
often healthy, need motivation
hospitalization extremely stressful
|
|
|
Term
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
40-65 YEARS |
|
Definition
period of physicological change - menopause hormones decrease
cognitive dvelopment sable unless illness such as CVA (stroke), trauma
many psychosocial changes - divorce, remarrage, prep for retirement |
|
|
Term
| OLDER ADULT older than 65 YEARS |
|
Definition
retirement age - could be earlier later
variances occur at this age range
some cognitive changes - remain alert and perceptive until death, some short term memory loss expected, long term and visual memory remain strong
keep cognitive skills strong
psychosocial changes - retirement, death of spouse, family, friends
reminisce about own life following death of loved ones
lonliness
safe house and environment important
health promotion screenings/annual physicals important
older adult acute care considerations
temporary disorientaiton is common
reality orientation is needed
goals to reorient reality, increase awareness, increas socialziaiton, maximize independenc, minimize confussion
|
|
|
