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Functions of the Brain
Structures and functions of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, cerebellum, brain stem, ventricles, and meninges of the brain.
51
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
01/26/2012

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Term
Left cerebral hemisphere
Definition
Muscle control on right side of body, reasoning, writing, scientific skills
Term
Right cerebral hemisphere
Definition
Muscle control on left side of body, visualization, emotion, music and art
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
Processes sensory information, issues motor commands
Term
Sulcus
Definition
Increases surface area
Term
Gyrus
Definition
Increases surface area for information processing
Term
Longitudinal fissure
Definition
Divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres
Term
Transverse fissure
Definition
Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
Term
Cerebral cortex
Definition
Thinking and voluntary movements
Term
Corpus callosum
Definition
Allows communication between the right and left hemispheres
Term
Fornix
Definition
Connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus
Term
Frontal lobe
Definition
Sense of smell, abstract and creative thought, judgment, motor information, problem solving
Term
Parietal lobe
Definition
Sense of touch, language, reading, visual functions
Term
Temporal lobe
Definition
Sense of smell and hearing, behavior, speech
Term
Occipital lobe
Definition
Sense of sight, reading
Term
Central sulcus
Definition
Separates the parietal and frontal lobes
Term
Precentral gyrus
Definition
Sense of touch, body awareness
Term
Postcentral gyrus
Definition
Sensory and motor information
Term
Lateral sulcus
Definition
Separates the parietal and temporal lobes
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
Relays sensory information between brain regions, controls autonomic functions of the PNS
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Relays sensory information to other parts of the cerebrum
Term
Intermediate mass
Definition
Connects the right and left thalamic portions
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Controls the pituitary gland; produces hormones; regulates emotion, behavior, eating, drinking, body temperature, circadian rhythms
Term
Mammillary bodies
Definition
Memory in humans, sense of smell in sheep
Term
Infundibulum
Definition
Connects pituitary gland to the brain
Term
Pituitary gland
Definition
Hormone production and regulation, growth, sexual and physical maturation
Term
Pineal body
Definition
Produces melatonin to regulate the sleep/wake cycles
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Regulates posture and balance
Term
Cerebellar hemispheres
Definition
Regulate posture and balance
Term
Vermis
Definition
Separates cerebellar hemispheres
Term
Arbor vitae
Definition
"Tree of life," relays sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum
Term
Folia
Definition
"Leaves," gray matter surrounding the arbor vitae
Term
Midbrain
Definition
Contains sensory and motor tracts
Term
Brain stem
Definition
Controls heart rate, blood vessel tone, digestion and respiratory function (vegetative functions)
Term
Corpora quadrigemina
Definition
Sense of hearing and sight
Term
Superior colliculus
Definition
Movement of head, eyes, and trunk in response to visual stimuli
Term
Inferior colliculus
Definition
Movement of head, eyes, and trunk in response to auditory stimuli
Term
Pons
Definition
Relays nerve impulses from motor area of cerebral cortex to cerebellum, regulates breathing
Term
Medulla oblongata
Definition
Regulates heartbeat, blood vessel diameter, and breathing
Term
Pyramids
Definition
Relays motor information from the brain to the medulla oblongata
Term
Ventricles
Definition
Contains CSF that bathes the brain and spinal cord
Term
Lateral ventricles
Definition
Protect brain from trauma
Term
Septum pellucidum
Definition
Forms a barrier between the ventricles
Term
Interventricular foramen
Definition
Provides CSF circulation
Term
Third ventricle
Definition
Protects brain from trauma, provides CSF circulation
Term
Cerebral aqueduct
Definition
Contains CSF that bathes the brain and spinal cord
Term
Fourth ventricle
Definition
Protects brain from trauma, forms the central canal of the spinal cord
Term
Choroid plexus
Definition
Contains ependymal cells that produce CSF
Term
Meninges
Definition
Protect cranial nerves and spinal cord
Term
Dura mater
Definition
Outer protective covering of the brain
Term
Arachnoid mater
Definition
Middle protective covering of the brain
Term
Pia mater
Definition
Inner protective covering of the brain
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