• religion provides motivation,

• unifies members

• strengthens social solidarity.

• Sacred being the symbol of a fish or cross for Christianity

• Profane being day to day activities such as work.

• Creates a collective conciousness

• Aborigines and how they worship Totem poles. 

•  Each clan had different symbols on the totem that they worshiped

• Like worshipping their society as well as their religion.

• This creates a collective consciousness and promotes social solidarity.

• People turn to religion in the event of life crisis such as puberty and death.
• Social solidarity
•    Collective conciousness

• Trobriand Island 
• Natives performed rituals when fishing outside the lagoon as it was seen as dangerous and created anxiety.
• Did not perform rituals when fishing within the lagoon.
• Malinowski said that people turn to religion when feeling anxious

• Small studies
•  Do not look at religious pluralism
• Never look at the conflict and only look at the positive view point.

• Civil Religion. 

•  A national crisis brings society together such as Princess Dianas death.

• Civil Religion brings a community or society together which

• Creates collective consciousness

• Promotes social solidarity

CRITICISMS

• Is it truly a religion

• Or is it just bringing a society together with similar norms and values on that particular subject.