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Functional Groups
Self-Explanatory
21
Organic Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
02/11/2011

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Term
Alkane
Definition
all single bonds to hydrogen
Term
Alkene
Definition
at least one double bond
Term
Alkyne
Definition
at least one triple bond
Term
aromatic
Definition
a ring structure?
Term
Alkyl halide
Definition
also known as haloalkanes, they're alkanes that contain one or more halogen groups
Term
alcohol
Definition
a carbon bonded to a hydroxyl group
Term
ethers
Definition
an oxygen bonded with two carbons.. C-O-C
Term
amines
Definition
a nitrogen with a lone pair on it bonded to 1, 2, or 3 carbons. If it's bonded to one carbon, it's a primary amine, if it's bonded to two carbons, it's a secondary amine, if it's bonded to three carbons, it's a tertiary amine. otherwise, the rest of the bond are hydrogens
Term
thiols
Definition
a molecule containing a sulfhydrl group bonded to an sp3 carbon or another carbon R group. ex R-SH or C-SH
Term
sulfides
Definition
a sulfur bonded by two carbons
Term
aldehydes
Definition
an oxygen double bonded to a carbon (carbonyl group) that's bonded to a hydrogen
Term
ketone
Definition
a carbon that's double bonded to an oxygen (carbonyl group) and bonded to two carbons
Term
imines
Definition
a compound containing a carbon double bonded to a nitrogen with the nitrogen bonded to another R
Term
carboxylic acid
Definition
a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (carbonyl group) and bonded to a hydroxyl group
Term
esters
Definition
a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (carbonyl group) and bonded to another oxygen
Term
amides
Definition
a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen
Term
acyl halides
Definition
a carbonyl group bonded to a halogen
Term
nitriles
Definition
a carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen
Term
nitro compounds
Definition
a carbon bonded to a nitrogen bonded to two oxygens
Term
sulfonic acids
Definition
a sulfur that's attached to an R group, doubled bonded to two oxygens, and a hydroxyl group
Term
sulfonate esters
Definition
a sulfur attached to an R group, double bonded two oxygens, and bonded to an oxygen
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