Term
The rate of normal interstitial fluid production is about:
A) 2mL/min
B) 6mL/min
C) 10mL/min
D) 14mL/min |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The interstitial fluid compartment is smaller than the vascular fluid compartment.
A) True
B) False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vasodilation is required for the developement of:
A) tissue congestion
B) tissue hyperemia
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Manifestations of left heart failure include:
A) dyspnea
B) pulmonary hypertension
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Manifestations of right heart failure include:
A) Pitting edema
B) ascites
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Proteinuria (protein in urine) is characteristic of:
A) nephrotic syndrome
B) cirrhotic liver disease
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increased filtration seen with cirrhotic liver disease is a result of:
A) decreased plasma protein concentration
B) Portal venous hypertension
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increased filtration seen in patients with nephrotic syndrome result from:
A) decreased plasma oncotic pressure
B) increased venous hydrostatic pressure
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
| A. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure |
|
|
Term
Thrombosis is a natural process that maintains vessel integrity when injured.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Initial vasoconstriction in response to vascular injury contributes little to the clotting process.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Clotting is triggered by the exposure or formation of:
A) subendothelial collagen
B) Tissue factor
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following are true?
A) nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator?
B) nitric oxide is produced by activated platelets
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
| A) nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator |
|
|
Term
Tissue plasminogen activator is produced by:
A) endothelial cells
B) Liver
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemophiliacs have a greater tendency to bleed spontaneously than those with von Willebrand disease.
A) True
B) False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true?
A) platelet adhesion reaction is the binding of platelets to collagen
b) platelet aggregation is the binding of platelets to fibrinogen
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
| A) platelet adhesion reaction is the binding of platelets to collagen |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are true?
A) arterial thrombi tend to grow in a retrograde direction
B) venous thrombi are almost always occlusive
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lines of Zahn are characteristic of venous thrombi.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following are risk factors for DVT?
A) immobility
B) estrogen therapy
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Although amniotic fluid embolization is a rare event, it is often fatal.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pale infarcts are seen in:
A) heart
B) lung
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In normal environments interstitial oncotic pressire is more than plasma oncotic pressure.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Filtration is inhibited by:
A) low vascular oncotic pressure
B) high interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
| B) high interstitial hydrostatic pressure |
|
|
Term
The interstitial fluid compartment is smaller than the vascular fluid compartment.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Renal hyperperfusion leads to:
A) vasoconstriction
B) Aldosterone release
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In patients suffering from malnutrition, filtration is altered due to:
A) decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
B) increased plasma oncotic pressure
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
D) none of the above
decreased plasma oncotic pressure |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are risk factors for DVT?
A) amniotic fluid embolism
B) septicemia
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A patient with warm red skin is probably not suffering from cariogenic shock.
A) True
B) False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What defines the difference between systemic inflamatory response syndrome (SIRS) from sepsis?
A) hypotension
B) fever
C) end organ injury
D) verification of bacteremia |
|
Definition
| C) verification of bacteremia |
|
|
Term
The prognosis for shock is largely dependent on the type of shock present. In general the prognosis is usually good for patients suffering from:
A) cardiogenic shock
B) hypovolemic shock
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The lung is an organ that is prone to the development of hemorrhagic infarcts.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The category distributive shock does not include:
A) neurogenic
B) anaphylactic
C) septic
D) all are forms of distributive shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The largest extravascular fluid compartment is plasma.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Osmotic gradients favor the movement of water from the extravascular compartment into the vascular compartment.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complications of anasarca include:
A) ascites
B) hydrothorax
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Extracellular fluid volumes are primarily regulated by controlling total body sodium levels.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complications from liver cirrhosis include:
A) increased venous hydrostatic pressure
B) decreased plasma oncotic pressure
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The terms hyperemia and congestion both describe an increase in tissue/blood volume.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the US, filariasis is a common cause of lymphedema.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Once lymphedema has developed there is little that can be done to reduce or control further progression.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The development of lymphedema may be a comlication of:
A) neoplasia
B) irradiation
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a green pigment?
A) hemoglobin
B) biliverdin
C) bilirubin
D) hemosiderin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In normal environments interstitial oncotic pressure is less than plasma oncotic pressure.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vascular filtration is inhibited by:
A) high vascular oncotic pressure
B) low interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
| A) high vascular oncotic pressure |
|
|
Term
The interstitial fluid compartment is smaller than the intracellular fluid compartment.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vasoconstriction is required for the development of:
A) tissue congestion
B) tissue hyperemia
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Manifestations of right heart failure include:
A) pitting edema
B) heart failure cells
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Edema resulting from heart failure is:
A) a transudate
B) an exudate
C) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Urine is commonly yellow colored due to the presence of:
A) biliverdin
B) urobilinogen
C) bilirubin
D) hemosiderin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Von Willebrand factor is essential for platelet aggregation.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemostasis is a continuous process even in healthy people.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In vivo, the intrinsic path of coagulation activation controls clotting events.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Factors that promote venous thrombus formation include:
A) turbulence
B) stasis
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DIC is a potential complication of:
A) amniotic embolism
B) septic shock
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Any patient prone to deep vein thrombus formation may be at risk for paradoxical embolization leading to stroke.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cool clammy skin is indicative of:
A) distributive shock
B) hypovolemic shock
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Septic shock may be triggered by:
A) gram negative bacteremia
B) gram positive bacteremia
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ige dependent mast cell degranulation is a characteristic of:
A) hypovolemic shock
B) cardiogenic shock
C) anaphylactic shock
D) septic shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Christmas factor is found in:
A) Type A factor hemophilia
B) Type B factor hemophilia
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
| B) type B factor hemophilia |
|
|
Term
Bernard Soulier syndrome is caused by a deficiency in:
A) Platelet fibrinogen receptors
B) Glycoprotien receptors
C) Christmas Factors
D) Menstrual Bleeding |
|
Definition
| B) Glycoprotien receptors |
|
|
Term
A decrease in the circulating levels of albumin contribute to the edema produced by:
A) malnutrition
B) cirrhotic liver disease
C) Both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Urinary casts may be indicative of nephotic syndrome.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Excessive sodium/water retention is almost entirely due to poor high sodium diets.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Renal hyperfusion may lead to hypertension.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hypovolemic shock typically develops with blood loss greater than 20% of total blood volume.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Renal hypoperfusion leads to:
A) angiotensin II production
B) aldosterone release
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In patients suffering from malnutrition, filtration is altered due to:
A) decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
B) increased plasma oncotic pressure
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Wich of the following is produced by the liver?
A) tissue plasminogen activator
B) Von Willebrand factor
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The biologic equivilent of concrete as opposed to cement is composed of:
A) fibrin
B) platelets
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Heart failure cells are present in patients with either right or left heart failure.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Initial vasoconstriction in response to vascular injury contributes little to the clotting process.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemophiliacs have a greater tendency to bleed spontaneously than those with Von Wilebrand disease.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tissue factor is produced only through endothelial cell injury.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Patients with myocardial infarcts are at risk of paradoxical emboli.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consumption of a coagulopathy is a complication of DIC.
A) true
B) false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The impact of LPS produced during septicemia and septic shock is dependent on concentration. Which of the following is true?
A) low levels of LPS stimulate inflamatory responses
B) high levels of lps cause direct endothelial injury
C) both
D) none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hypotension is usually not significant until loss of:
A) 10% of blood volume
B) 20% of blood volume
C) 30% of blood volume
D) 50% of blood volume |
|
Definition
|
|
