Term
|
Definition
fragments may be overriding one another, lateral to each other, distracted, angulated or roated
may be open and break skin |
|
|
Term
| avulsion fx: result of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disruption of bone at the site of ligamentous or musculotendinous attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compromise the skin increasing the risk of infection |
|
|
Term
| Division of Long bones: 2 major categories |
|
Definition
intra-articular portion
extra-articular portion |
|
|
Term
| Division of Long bones: extra articular portion subdivisions |
|
Definition
proximal end
distal end
shaft |
|
|
Term
| Division of Long bones: extra-articular portion: what makes up the proximal end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Division of Long bones: extra-articular portion: what makes up the distal end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Division of Long bones: extra-articular portion: what makes up the shaft |
|
Definition
| proximal middle and distal 3rds |
|
|
Term
| fracture patterns vs loads: axial compression load |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fracture patterns vs loads: bending load |
|
Definition
| transverse fracture pattern |
|
|
Term
| fracture patterns vs loads: torsion load |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fracture patterns vs loads: axial compression and bending |
|
Definition
| oblique and transverse fx |
|
|
Term
| fracture patterns vs loads: axial compression, bending, and torsion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 major types of shaft fractures |
|
Definition
Linear
Comminuted
Segmental
Bone Loss |
|
|
Term
| 4 types of Shaft fx: 3 linear fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 types of Shaft fx: 4 types of cominnuted fx |
|
Definition
less than 50% of bone diamater comminuted
more than 50% of bone diamter comminuted
butterfly wedge fx fragment less than 50% of bone diameter
butterfly wedge fracture more than 50% of bone diameter |
|
|
Term
| 4 types of Shaft fx: 4 types of segmental fx |
|
Definition
2 levels
3+ levels
longitudinal split
comminuted |
|
|
Term
| 4 types of Shaft fx: 3 types of bone loss fx |
|
Definition
less than 50% of bone diameter
more than 50% of bone diamater
complete bone loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
linear
comminuted
impacted
articular bone loss |
|
|
Term
| fx classification used for children/adolescents |
|
Definition
| salter-harris classification |
|
|
Term
| bone, capsule, muscles, ligaments, and tendons surround this weaker structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disruption of an epiphyseal plate may lead to what |
|
Definition
| early fusion resulting in deformity such as a short leg |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common type of Salter-Harris fx |
|
Definition
| Type II of the distal tibia |
|
|
Term
| Salter Harris Classification: Type 1 |
|
Definition
| sepearation fo epiphyseal palte |
|
|
Term
| Salter Harris Classification: type II |
|
Definition
| seperation of epiphyseal plate plus metaphyseal wedge fx |
|
|
Term
| Salter Harris Classification: type 3 |
|
Definition
| separation of epiphyseal plate plus epiphyseal wedge fx |
|
|
Term
| Salter Harris Classification: type 4 |
|
Definition
| metaphyseal and epiphyseal fx fragment |
|
|
Term
| Salter Harris Classification: tpve 5 |
|
Definition
| impaction fx of epiphyseal plate and adjacent structures |
|
|
Term
| Incomplete fx in children: 2 types |
|
Definition
green stick fx
torus/buckle fx |
|
|
Term
| Incomplete fx in children: what is a greenstick fx |
|
Definition
transverse fx convex side
bending on concave side |
|
|
Term
| Incomplete fx in children: what is a torus/buckle fx |
|
Definition
buckling of cortex on concave side
no radiolucent fx line visible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abnormal stress on normal bone
repetitive stress
gradual formation of microfx |
|
|
Term
| what is an insufficeny fx |
|
Definition
stress fx through diseased bone
form of pathologic fx |
|
|
Term
| most common fatigue.stress fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue/stress fx: 5 common types |
|
Definition
pars interarticularis L5
metatarsals
proximal tibia
calcaneus
fibula |
|
|
Term
| Fatigue/stress fx: metatarsals d/t what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue/stress fx: proximal tibia d/t what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue/stress fx: calcaneus d/t what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue/stress fx: fibula d/t what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does primary bone healing occur |
|
Definition
| with direct intimate contact of fx fragments |
|
|
Term
| Primary bone healing: how does new bone grow |
|
Definition
| across the compressed bone ends to unite the fx |
|
|
Term
| Primary bone healing: speed and ability to maneuver gaps |
|
Definition
very slow
cannot bridge gaps |
|
|
Term
| Primary bone healing: callus formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary bone healing: usually begins when after injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: what is it |
|
Definition
| bony replacement of a cartilage complex with callus formation |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: the greater the _____ teh greater the callus formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: what does callus formation add to the fx site |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bone healing: most common type of healing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: how many stages of healing? what are they? |
|
Definition
3
Inflammatory
Reparative
Remodeling |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Inflammatory Phase: how long does this phase last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Inflammatory Phase: increased _____ allows for formaiton of a fx hematoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Inflammatory Phase: invaded by what to clear necrotic tissue (3) |
|
Definition
macrophages
phagocytes
osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Inflammatory Phase: why may the fx line become more evident |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Inflammatory Phase: strength |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase I: how long does this phase last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase I: type of callus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase I: type of tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase I: presence of what in the fx area |
|
Definition
| cartialge and small amounts of bone |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase I: strength |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase II: what converts the soft callus into a hard callus |
|
Definition
| osteoblasts mineralize the soft callus |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase II: type of bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase II: what happens to deformable tissue |
|
Definition
| replaced by mechanically more resistant tissues |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Reparative Phase: phase II: strength |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Remodeling phase: duration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Remodeling phase: type of bone formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Remodeling phase: what happens to the callus |
|
Definition
| excess callus is resorbed |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Remodeling phase: type of activity |
|
Definition
| osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Remodeling phase: reformation of what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Bone healing: Remodeling phase: strength |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| determining when a fx has healed: non clinically |
|
Definition
based on clinical judgement
radiographic eval
hx knowledge of how long it takes each fx to heal |
|
|
Term
| determining when a fx has healed: clinically |
|
Definition
| judgement based on a combinatino of the pt's symptoms and physical finding over time |
|
|
Term
| determining when a fx has healed: hx focuses on what |
|
Definition
presence, absence, or diminution of pain
nature of pain
effects of wt bearing, lifting, and ROM on pain |
|
|
Term
| determining when a fx has healed: examination: check fx site for what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| determining when a fx has healed: examination: what indicates a healed fx |
|
Definition
| absence of tenderness, motion, and pain |
|
|
Term
| determining when a fx has healed: examination: what indicates a healing fx |
|
Definition
| motion in the presence of tenderness |
|
|
Term
| determining when a fx has healed: examination: indicates a fx is not healed |
|
Definition
| presence of motion with or without tenderness |
|
|
Term
| determining when a fx has healed: examination: local pain despite a healed fx |
|
Definition
| local pain secondary to stiffness and disuse despite a healed fx |
|
|
Term
| Radiographic eval: focuses on what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radiographic eval: _____ or _____ of the fx line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radiographic eval: considered healed when |
|
Definition
| there is progressive callus formation as with secondary healing and with blurring and disapperance of the fx line |
|
|
Term
| Principles of Fixation Devices: 2 types |
|
Definition
stress sharing
stress shielding |
|
|
Term
| Principles of Fixation Devices: what is a stress-sharing device |
|
Definition
| permits partial transmission of load across the fx site. micromotion at fx site induces secondary healing with callus formation |
|
|
Term
| Principles of Fixation Devices: stress-sharing device examples (3) |
|
Definition
casts
rods
intramedullary nails |
|
|
Term
| Principles of Fixation Devices: Stress shielding device what is it |
|
Definition
| protects fx site from stress by transferring stress to device. NO motion at fx site d/t constant compression. Result in primary healing |
|
|
Term
| Principles of Fixation Devices: stress shielding device example |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cast: what type of device is it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| callus formation and relatively rapid secondary healing |
|
|
Term
| Cast: how is the jt immobilized |
|
Definition
| usually immobilize jts above and below to prevent rotation and translation |
|
|
Term
| Intramedullary Rods and Nails: type of device |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intramedullary Rods and Nails: allows what type of healing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intramedullary Rods and Nails: provides good fixation allowing for what |
|
Definition
| jts above and below to move |
|
|
Term
| Intramedullary Rods and Nails: usually used for what fx |
|
Definition
femoral
tibial shaft
sometiems humeral shaft |
|
|
Term
| compression plates are what kind of debice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| butress plate is what kind of device |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pins, wires, and screws are what kind of device |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compression screws are what type of device |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sliding hip screw and plate is what type of device |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 95 degree condylar compression plate is what type of device |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the 95 degree condylar compression plate is able to rigidly fixate the fx, what type of device does it become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| external fixator is what type of device |
|
Definition
|
|
